Unemployment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unemployment - Research Paper Example Extensive research over multiple aspects of unemployment has revealed that the past unemployment results in change of preferences such as prices and constraints, affecting the levels of future unemployment as well. Individuals differ in certain unmeasured variables that, if not properly controlled, have influential impact on levels of unemployment. There exists, however, no universally acceptable definition of unemployment so far because both employed and unemployed people worldwide are measured quite differently.Over the last few decades, the progressive world economies have, though slowly, recognized the complexity and seriousness of growing unemployment issues at last. However, various scholars and economic organizations have provided with more generalized definitions of unemployment. The most widely referred definition from the International Labor Organization states that unemployment â€Å"occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively looked for work within the pas t four weeks. The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force.† According to the Census Bureau, â€Å"unemployed persons include those who did not work at all during the survey week, and who were looking for work. Also included are persons who would have been looking for work except that (a) they were temporary ill, (b) they expected to return to a job from which they had been laid off for an indefinite period, or (c) they believed no work was available in their line of work or in the community.† Unemployment can also be defined as, â€Å"An economic condition marked by the fact that individuals actively seeking jobs remain un-hired. Unemployment is expressed as a percentage of the total available work force. The level of unemployment varies with economic conditions and other circumstances.† (Investor words, 20 09). Students, children, retired personnel or people not interested in a paid job are not inclusive, however. Categorized on basis of causes and consequences, there are four major types of unemployment in macroeconomics. Frictional unemployment - People who are re-entering (are between jobs) or entering for the first time or after absence from work usually experience short-term unemployment called frictional unemployment. This kind of unemployment is sometimes considered beneficial as it provides time to individuals, organizations and societies to find better jobs build suitable workforce and improve services respectively. Structural unemployment – Unemployment also occurs if there are both jobs and workers available but the skills required for a job are not matching workers’ experience. This situation often results due to changes in structural economies and lasts for several years (long-term). For example, jobs are available in oil and gas industry and workers have sk ills with textile industry, there is a mismatch of skills leading to Structural unemployment. Seasonal unemployment – Sometimes, changes in weather, tourist activities or other seasonal factors results in short-term unemployment of related people called Seasonal unemployment. For example, some people experience joblessness as the construction activity slows down during extreme winters. Cyclic unemployment – Due to prolonged periods of recession, production outputs are reduced causing joblessness. Previous employees lose jobs and entrants have fewer openings to search. As business cycle is actively involved, this type of unemployment is called Cyclic unemployment. This is long-term and considered as the most severe kind of unemployment. When joblessness due business cycle is minimized to zero, economists say that we have reached full employment. Rise in level of unemployment is considered among the most worrisome economic problems. Due to gradual adjustments according t o the market equilibrium price and quantity over time, there exists no

The novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

The novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay The novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck is Set during the Great Depression in the 1930s in a place called Soledad. When the wall street crash as with the introduction of new machinery led to poverty and unemployment, leaving thousands of workers stranded without work, migrating from place to place searching for some money and a place to sleep. The story Of mice and men starts with a description of the place Lennie and George ended up in after running away from Wead and showed the bad conditions that migrant workers are in. In the novel Lennie and George are the main characters. Lennie is described as a slow and dumb character, while in contrast George is a smart leader and could do much more if he wasnt carrying Lennie along with him all the time. Lennie and George are best friends who travel all over the place together, searching for food, shelter, and some money. In other words they migrant workers. Lennie and George are both similar to the other workers as they are migrant workers but are also unique because migrant workers usually travel alone, but not them they travel together. Lennie and George both have a dream that one day they will own a piece of land. In the novel there are a few themes that teach important life lessons, a few are. friendship. Friendship is very important in this novel because Lennie and George are rare travelling best friends and throughout the novel their friendship is tested is tested to the limit. Another one is hopes and dreams, Lennie and George always survive by speaking about their dreams of one day owning a piece of land as Lennie always says when he is down, tell us George, tell us about the farm. Paragraph 2 The Wall street crash, the Great Depression and new machinery all led to poverty and unemployment and increased the number of migrant workers by thousands. These migrant workers had a very bad lifestyle, they wouldnt stay in one place or settle down and are always moving about. Evidence of this is Guys like us are the loneliest guys in the world, they got no family, they dont belong no place, they work up a stake and the next thing you know theyre poundin their tail on some other ranch. This was said by George explaining to Lennie that all migrant workers are lonely and never settle down in one place. The migrant workers , just as they have the bad lifestyle of not settling down; they dont have long term friendship or family, support to that is If them guys gets in trouble. They can rot for all anybody gives a damn but not us This explains that migrant workers have no real friends or people that care for them, another one is they got no family this one also tells us that migrant workers have no relations with their families. Migrant workers have very few possessions and the possessions they do have they carry in a bag called a bindle : their shelves where loaded with little articles, soap and balcum powder, razors and those western magazine, ranch men love to read and there where medicines on the shelves and little vials, combs and a few neck ties, this shows that what migrant workers own are few and are only the things they need most as they are travelling and they only cary around their necessities. Migrant workers rarely have any real relationships with women because they are always travelling around, and the only way they can have a family feel and be with women is if they pay for it through brothel : Old Susys place, where workers can just set in the chairs and have a couple of those shots and pass the time of day This explains that the workers have to pay for relationships with women. Over all the traits of the migrant workers are interconnected. For example, they dont have long term friendships because they travel all time, they also dons have relationships with women because of their loneliness and inability to settle down, they have very few possessions because they cant carry many possessions around with them. They also get low pay which limits the number of possessions that they can buy. Paragraph 3. As a result of the circumstances and the living conditions of the migrant workers, they end up lonely, isolated, violent, selfish and have no job satisfaction. Unlike Lennie and George who have each other and who travel together, most migrant workers are lonely and feel very isolated, I seen the guys that go around on the ranches alone, that aint no good, they dont have no fun, after a long time they get mean, they get so that they dont want to talk to nobody. This shows and explains that the migrant workers were lonely and isolated and also that because of that they resort to violence. Violence and a harsh lifestyle are very common characteristics traits found in migrant workers. An example is Candys experience, Theyll can me purty soon, jus as soon as I cant wamp put no bunk houses theyll put me on the county this is said by Candy and it shows the harsh lifestyles of migrant workers and shows that when they are not performing or cant do their job any more. They will get sacked, another quote that shows violence is well if you were to take him and shoot him in the back of the head right there, well hell never know what hit him this shows the violence that is going around inside these ranches. Other examples of violence are when curly attacked Lennie: Then Curlys rage exploded come on ya big bastard, get up on your feet. No big son- of- a- bitch is gonna laugh at me, Ill show ya whos yella. This shows the violence that Curly attacked Lennie with and then started hitting him for nothing. Quite often migrant workers are suspicious of one another, when Lennie and George joined the ranch and were shown to their beds: Says positively kills lice, roaches and other scourge, what the hell kinda bed are you givin us anyways, we dont want no pants rabbits This shows that George and Lennie were suspicious of the hygiene and beds that they were given, another one is I dont like Curly, he aint a nice fella. this was said by Curlys wife and it explains that she was suspicious and hateful towards her own husband. Of all the work the migrant workers do they never get any job satisfaction as they are usually at another ranch before their work has grown so they will never get to see the work that they have done, they also work very hard but get unfair low pay, I aint so bright or I wouldnt be buckin barely For my fifty and found. If I had my own little place Id be bringing in my own crops stead of doin all the work and not getting what comes outa the ground. That shows that migrant workers have no job satisfaction and are angry because theyre all the hard work and not being rewarded for it. No wonder they turn to violence. Paragraph 4. For many Americans at that time the American dream was something to work for and to keep them going, the American dream is the dream of being famous or financially successful or as we saw with the story of Lennie and George it is just wanting to own a piece of land and independence . We first saw the American dream with George and Lennie as they dreamed of one day owning a piece of land. Someday were gonna get the jack together and were gonna have a little house an a couple of acres and a cow and some pigs an live offa the fata da land explains the dream of George and Lennie and shows the hope that they both have, and dhows us what they both wake up for every morning. Candy is an old character that has been in the ranch for many years, and through those years his dreams got lost, but when he found out of George and Lennies dream his got revived, he leaned forward eagerly, spose I went in with you guys thas three hundred an fifty bucks, Id put in the chicken an hose the garden some, howd that be Shows the eagerness and excitement that he was in when he found an opportunity to bring his dream back to life, he also offered all the money he has without thinking twice about it and that shows his determination. Candy is an old man who would like nothing more than some company and a long rest. Curlys wife is also a character with a dream, but her dream is quite different than some of the workers around the ranch. Her dream is to be an actress in the movies, but like most, her dream does not come true. Coulda been in the movies, and had nice clothes like they wear, an I coulda sat in them big hotels and had pitchers took of me this guy said I was a natural. Curlys wife shows how much she wanted her dream and also shows the details of her dream, but also shows the disappointment A her dream is now gone because she is married to Curly. Crooks character is another example of the racism against blacks at that time. Crooks is a lonely character with no friends or family and very small contact with other people on the ranch, but even in the dullest of places, in the saddest of people you can find dreams and hopes. Crooks dream is really just to be independent and to be around a few friends and we found that out when he said If you guys would like a hand to work for nothing, just his keep, why Id come an lend a hand, I aint so crippled I can work like any son of a bitch if I want to , this shows that Crooks is not really interested in money or land but is just looking for some company and independence. Paragraph 5. Language is a very important part of Of Mice and Men, It gives us a true sense and an insight of the atmosphere in the novel. Throughout this section i will be speaking about the aspects of language in Of mice and Men like dialect, accent and colloquial language. Dialect is defined as words that are common to a particular region. Steinbecks characters speak in a Californian dialect, at that time in California and all around America the dialect was very unique and different, they would use many words such as bindle, which is a bag that the migrant workers carried with all their belongings in it. Lennie put his bindle, on the neighbouring bunk and sat down, shows the word is being used in every day situations. Another word is Swamper, which means cleaners, The old swamper shifted his broom and held it between his elbow, in Of Mice and Men Candy is the swamper, another commonly used word is Greybacks- Which means bed bugs, Then how come he got grey bugs, George was working up a slow anger. at the time lice and bedbugs were very common as the level of hygiene was very low. In those times a rural area was usually referred to as the brush , I want you to come right here an hide in the brush. George had instructed Lennie to hide in the brush if he got in any trouble. The author did not fail to show the accent that the people spoke with in those times, when the people in California spoke they would usually not finish their words and senesces, all the characters spoke in the accent and one of them is Curlys wife, I aint told this to nobody before may be I oughtnt to coulda been in the movies, an gad nice clothes all of them nice clothes like they wear, an I coulda sat in them big hotels an had pitchers took of me. This is full of words and sentences that indicate the presence of a Californian accent such as pitchers, like they wear, and also the way her sentences re structured and her words are incomplete. Colloquial language is another important aspect of language as it shows the way people spoke. Throughout the novella, colloquial language is widely used, all characters use the language. I bet she even gives the stable buck the eye, This was said to show that Curlys wife even looks to attract the stable buck. They would also say things like he aint no cuckoo which means that he isnt stupid. And sure its swell which just means its great. Their choice of words are also different as they say things like pitchers and I aint. Steinbeck also uses imagery in his writing which includes animal imagery. He uses animal imagery mainly to describe characters, Lennie is often described as a large and slow character and his character is captured well when he is described as an animal. Lennie dribbled his paw in the water this compared Lennie to a bear as he drank, another is, behind him walks the opposite, a huge man, shapeless of face, with large pale eyes, he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws., This also compares him to a bear explaining his bad posture and features. More support is His huge companion drank in huge gulps in the water, again here. Steinbeck does this to give us a greater idea of the way it feels to be around Lennie. When Steinbeck makes his comparisons he often uses similes to better help describe his character, as he did with the character of Lennie. Colour is also an important factor as it helps to describe many characters. The colour red for example helps describe Curlys wife as she is a character related with death and she is also a character that tries to attract with sex appeal. A girl was standing there, she had full rouged lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made up, her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules of which were little bouquets of red feathers, this shows the association colour red has with sex. The colour red is also associated with danger as Lennie tries to avoid her after George warns him, listen to me you crazy bastard, he said fiercely, dont you even take a look at that bitch, I dont care what she says and what she do here Curlys wife is associated with danger as George is scared she will get Lennie in trouble. The colour reds association with death also involves Curlys wife as she was killed by Lennie He looked down at her carefully, he moved his hand from over her mouth and she lay still, Curlys wife had died. Conclusion: The Migrant workers had a difficult life and the didnt make it easier for each other either, in a life full of violence, loneliness and un cleanliness the migrant workers have to struggle in their lives and if you were black at that time then life is even worse for you as racism at that time was very strong, you could say that the only thing that everyone at that time woke up for in the morning are the dreams that they all had, even though most of the dreams never came true and most of the people knew that they still all needed something to wake up to, which teaches us a valuable life lesson which is to always have a dream. I think the theme of the story is that you always need someone to rely one as weve learned from the novella that if you have no one you could go crazy. In conclusion I think this novella shows us how a difficult lifestyle can push friendships to the limit

Canal Building before 1840 Essay -- essays papers

Canal Building before 1840: Essay Throughout history, there has been a need for better mode of transportation in order to keep up with economical growth. Canals have been around since the Ancient Roman Civilizations and still exist today. Canals have been so important because they allow people to travel from one place to another and back by way of water. They require very little energy and maintenance but help trade flow more efficiently. This can be proved by observing the United States economy in the early 19th century. The canal Era was a major influence in American History. Canal building was spurred by the transportation revolution, which was from about 1815 to 1860. The transportation revolution greatly affected the economy. It enabled us to expand West since agriculture would become profitable, and it increased trade in the New England states too since shipping was faster and a lot cheaper. One of the most important canals of the time was Erie Canal. It was the first financially successful canal in America and set an example for the many more canals that would be built. The Erie Canal was supported by De Witt Clinton, who became the canal's commissioner due to his promotion. The canal was planned to connect Lake Erie with the Hudson River. The completion of this canal would be an engineering feat since it was 363 miles long and had to overcome almost 600 feet of change in elevation. After a bill was passed by the New York Congress in 1817, construction ha... Canal Building before 1840 Essay -- essays papers Canal Building before 1840: Essay Throughout history, there has been a need for better mode of transportation in order to keep up with economical growth. Canals have been around since the Ancient Roman Civilizations and still exist today. Canals have been so important because they allow people to travel from one place to another and back by way of water. They require very little energy and maintenance but help trade flow more efficiently. This can be proved by observing the United States economy in the early 19th century. The canal Era was a major influence in American History. Canal building was spurred by the transportation revolution, which was from about 1815 to 1860. The transportation revolution greatly affected the economy. It enabled us to expand West since agriculture would become profitable, and it increased trade in the New England states too since shipping was faster and a lot cheaper. One of the most important canals of the time was Erie Canal. It was the first financially successful canal in America and set an example for the many more canals that would be built. The Erie Canal was supported by De Witt Clinton, who became the canal's commissioner due to his promotion. The canal was planned to connect Lake Erie with the Hudson River. The completion of this canal would be an engineering feat since it was 363 miles long and had to overcome almost 600 feet of change in elevation. After a bill was passed by the New York Congress in 1817, construction ha...

Methadone Maintenance Treatment

Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) has been in place for over 30 years.   Initially used as an analgesic before the Second World War, it was used to rectify the heroine epidemic in the post-World War II era.   At present, MMT is used as a harm-reduction strategy – a tool to help withdrawing heroine addicts, reduce crime and deaths associated with opiate use and to reduce incidences of HIV/AIDS that results from heroin injection and needle use.   There is still however a controversy surrounding the treatment basically because of the misconception associated with MMT.   Health officials believe that MMT should be kept in a short duration as possible while researchers contend that higher doses and longer treatment duration may lead to lower cases of relapse. Heroin addiction is a persistent problem in the United States especially in New York City where heroin abuse, replacing opium smoking, started in the early 20th century (Frank, 2000).   The post-World War II era saw an epidemic rise in the number of heroin addicts such that between 1950 and 1961, heroin injection became one of the leading causes of death among young adults in New York City (Joseph, Stancliff & Langrod, 2000).   The average age of heroin-related deaths was 29 years old, both for men and women. Initially used as an analgesic in Germany before the Second World War, methadone was considered as an answer to the prevalence of the illicit drug and the consequent criminal offenses and deaths associated with its use.   This started in 1949 when Isbell and Vogel demonstrated methadone to be effective in helping addicts withdraw from heroin (Joseph et. al, 2000).   In 1964, methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) was launched as a research program in Rockefeller Institute under the direction of Dr. Vincent P. Dole and Dr. Marie E. Nyswander. At present, methadone maintenance treatment is one of the common medications used to treat heroin and other opiate addiction.   Judging from the number of researches and assessments on MMT, it is evidently the drug abuse treatment that has received the most thorough evaluation and has been shown to be effective in reducing opioid use, HIV incidences, criminal activity and mortality (â€Å"Literature Review – Methadone Maintenance Treatment†, 2007).   Consequently, it has also been demonstrated to improve physical and mental health and a person’s ability to regain normal social functioning. Despite the staggering number of studies associated with MMT and the scientific data resulting from these studies showing that the treatment is an effective medication for withdrawing opiate addicts, controversies still surround the treatment.   There seem to be  conflicting views between scientists/researchers and health officials as to how the treatment must be dispensed.   Aside from discussing those controversies, this paper will also: a) present methadone facts b) present the advantages and disadvantages of MMT and determine the people that can benefit from such a treatment; and c) assess whether MMT is an effective harm-reduction strategy. Methadone Facts Methadone, initially used as an analgesic, is a synthetic narcotic that has been used to treat opiate addiction for more than 3 decades (Office of National Drug Control Policy [ONDCP], 2000).   Heroin and opioid addicts feel the need to continually take in these substances because opiates occupy a receptor in the brain which sends a signal to the body when opiate levels are low.   Methadone works by â€Å"occupying† these receptor sites and consequently hinders the euphoria caused by heroin use, relieves the craving for opiate and reduces the withdrawal symptoms associated with abrupt cessation of opiate use (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2002). Taken orally once a day, the effect of methadone can last from 24 to 36 hours. As with any medication, there is the risk of abuse and dependency.   In a controlled and supervised treatment, a former heroine addict may remain physically dependent on methadone but does not experience the highs and lows resulting from the increase and decrease of heroine in blood levels (ONDCP, 2000). A person on methadone treatment can therefore be integrated into the society and become a functional citizen. Who Benefits From MMT Methadone will only be effective for those recovering from opiate addiction and will have no effect for those who are taking other mood-altering substances apart from opiates  (Stimmel & Kreek, 2000).   In the past, admission to MMT was limited only to applicants between the ages of 21 and 40 with a minimum of 4 years narcotic addiction.   Joseph, et. al. (2000) noticed that the admission criteria is much more liberal now as rehabilitation clinics now admit patients younger than 21 and older than 40. Because the link between heroin abuse and alcoholism has long been acknowledged, the New York State Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services (OASAS) changed its former rules of separating treatment for heroin addicts and alcoholics and instead ordered that Addiction Treatment Centers (ATCs) admit methadone patients into alcoholism rehabilitation programs and vice versa (Kipnis, Herron, Perez & Joseph, 2001). Even pregnant women can be treated using methadone as long as the mother is closely monitored and has to be enrolled in a comprehensive program that not only includes MMT but also prenatal care, nutritional counseling and other medical services that the pregnant woman may need (Joseph, et. al, 2000).   Ward (1998) as cited in â€Å"Literature Review – Methadone Maintenance Treatment† (2207) asserted that nobody should be excluded from the treatment (in the context of heroin and opiate use) because no reliable criteria exist that has determined a group of people that will not respond to treatment. Key Issues in MMT The guiding principle of most rehabilitation centers is that an addict is â€Å"cured† if he is able to abstain from the use of an illicit drug.   Critics of MMT claim that the treatment is just a substitute for the stronger opiate (heroin) addiction.   This is viewed as the major disadvantage of MMT, especially by health officials.   Kipnis, et. al. (2001), Stimmel and Kreek (2000), Joseph, et. al. (2000) and a host of other researchers contend that there is a misconception and misunderstanding between health officials and researchers of MMT.   Even at present, there is a stigma associated with MMT because it still viewed as a physical dependence on a drug. This explains why most patients in rehabilitation clinics receive  insufficient doses which would lead to a likely relapse. A lot of health care officials believe that therapy using methadone has to be ceased as soon as possible.   Researchers disagree, arguing that there should not be a limit as to the duration of the treatment because patients may respond well to a short treatment while others may respond better to a longer treatment, possibly even a lifetime treatment.   Joseph et. al. (2000) also noted that higher doses lead to a higher treatment retention rate.   Even with increasing evidence pointing to the effectiveness of MMT as a therapy for heroin and opiate withdrawal, there is still only partial acceptance for the treatment by the public.   The media has also distorted the public’s view on MMT which resulted to a stigma associated to the treatment. MMT as a Harm-Reduction Strategy Drug Policy Alliance (2007) cited dozens of authors that supported MMT as a tool used to reduce crime, death and disease.   Researchers agree that methadone is the most effective treatment for heroin addiction.   Furthermore, methadone reduces criminal offenders because those who are in MMT are able to lead stable lives and can acquire legitimate employment. Cases of HIV and other diseases caused by needle-sharing are also reduced by the treatment.   Methadone treatment is also a point of contact between the patient and the health official and an opportunity for the patient to learn about the techniques to prevent HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and other diseases that may inflict drug users. MMT is also cost-effective, costing only $13 per day and is a better alternative than incarceration (ONDCP, 2000).   Kipnis, et. al. (2001) however believes that there must be an organizational overhaul in order for MMT to be more effective.   The staff of ATCs must lose their held principles that MMT does not work or that it is a form of addiction.   Discrimination for MMT patients must have no place in the 12-step rehabilitation programs and the public also needs to be educated of the proper and real function of MMT in the community. Conclusion MMT has been proven to be effective in more than 3 decades of its use.   Social factors however prevent it from being used properly.   Misconceptions that health officials have regarding the treatment, its use and the dosage to be dispensed lead to a great number of relapses.   Staff culture and beliefs have to be changed in order for methadone maintenance treatment to be fully accepted in the community and for its effectivity to be optimized. References Drug Policy Alliance (2007). Methadone Maintenance Treatment. Drug Policy Alliance. Retrieved September 1, 2007 from http://www.lindesmith.org/library/ research/methadone.cfm Frank. B. (2000). An Overview of Heroin Trends in New York City: Past, Present and Future. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 67 (5-6). Kipnis, S., Herron, A., Perez, J. & Joseph, H. (2001 January). Integrating the Methadone Patient In the Traditional Addiction Inpatient Rehabilitation Program – Problems and Solutions [electronic version]. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 68 (1). Retrieved August 31, 2007 from http://www.mssm.edu/msjournal/68/PAGE28_32.pdf Joseph, H., Stancliff, S. & Langrod J. (2000). Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT): A Review of Historical and Clinical Issues. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 67 (5). 347-364. Retrieved August 31, 2007 from http://www.mssm.edu/msjournal/67/page347_364.pdf Literature Review – Methadone Maintenance Treatment (2007). Health Canada. Retrieved August 31, 2007 from   http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/pubs/adp-apd/methadone/policy-politique_e.html#adm Stimmel, B & Kreek, M.J. (2000). Neurobiology of Addictive Behaviors and Its Relationship to Methadone Maintenance [electronic version]. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 67, (5-6). 375-380. Retrieved September 1, 2007 from http://www.mssm.edu/msjournal/67/page375_380.pdf U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2002 February). Methadone Maintenance Treatment. IDU HIV Prevention. Retrieved August 30, 2007 from http://www.cdc.gov/idu/facts/MethadoneFin.pdf         

My Favourite Book Essay

Recently I`ve read a very interesting book that impressed me greatly. It was the novel by Vera Kryzhanovskaya â€Å"Hellish charms†. Russian writer and spiritualist Vera Kryzhanovskaya was the first woman writer of science fiction in the world, and the first professional science fiction writer in Russia. She was born June 2, 1857 .Her Father was from an old noble family of the Tambov Province. In the 1880s and 90s she lived in Western Europe. Since childhood Kryzhanovskaya was interested in ancient history and the occult, she even performed as a medium at sessions. Kryzhanovskaya`s Husband was a well known spiritualist S.V. Semenov. Following the spiritualists` tradition, Kryzhanovskaya stated that her novels had been dictated by the spirit of English poet John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester , who believed that a soul stayed on earth even after death . She wrote in French and then her works were translated into Russian. The main theme of her novels is the struggle of the divine and satanic forces, the dependence of man`s hidden forces and the forces of universe, the secrets of the primordial matter †¦ Reincarnation`s consciousness` and soul`s secrets , the writer has already disclosed in the historical novels (â€Å"The Queen Hatasu†, for example). â€Å"Hellish charms† is one of the novels, where the ritual of bewitching is described. The headline reveals the main theme and idea of the novel. The story is about a girl who wanted to marry the man with good fortune and because of it she had to resort to black magic.It`s about love, sins and mistakes, about forgiveness. The book electrifies the reader, mystical experiences and psychology do not give an opportunity to relax. The moral of the story is represented very clearly: you can not  build your happiness on the misfortune of others, regardless of other people’s desires. Each undertaken sin may be the first step on way to hell, and not everybody can turn away from that road. The book is written in a very simple way, the sentences are mostly short, without large clauses and nominative constructions. The author worries about every character and describes all their sufferings and other feelings very brightly. The main characters are: Kira Nagorskaya, a pretty blond girl of twenty with a good figure , large dark eyes with long thick eyelashes and wonderful complexion; Alexey Basargin – a wealthy young man, who took a fancy to Kira especially her coquetry and beauty. He became a frequent guest in Kira`s place. Kira considered him to be a wonderful match. Maleynen – an old witch, who helped Kira to bewitch Alexey and made him to fall in love with her. She was a skinny tall woman with deep hollow eyes that strangely sparkled. Marquise Kervadek – Alexey`s best friend, a tall, slender young man with black curly hair and pointed beard. He is a very passionate character and didn`t hide his admiration from Kira. Shepsu – an unusual character, Circassian, who lived alone in a mountain hut. The only man, who was able to save Kira from her curse. The story took place in Russia in the 18th century. A young woman Kira Nagorskaya who got used to luxury, after running through her father`s fortune, decided to marry someone didn`t matter young or old , beautiful or ugly, tall or short, someone who was able to give her a social status and wealth. But one day in a house of one of her old friends she got acquainted with Alexey Basargin a young man ,who has already worked in Ministry. She liked him and even thought not to cheat on him, at least for a while, when they would marry. Alexey became a frequent guest in Kira`s place and she was ready to celebrate the victory but suddenly he disappeared. There were rumors that he was going to marry another girl, Kira felt miserable and angry. She couldn`t believe it. Than she got to know about an old woman, a witch called Maleynen, and decided to ask her for help. But this decision  took an unexpected turn for her. Basargin made her a proposal and she married him. In the course of time she began to feel disgust and irritation to him. She also fell in love with Alexey`s best friend Marquise Kervadek but tried to hidÃ'Æ' her feelings. She knew that if she would like to divorce with Basargin, the charms would make him kill her. She couldn`t fight against her feelings and went to Maleynen again to ruin the first spell. But it has worked strangely and Alexey perished and his spirit began to pursue Kira. Kervadek and Kira try to find the solution, Marquise takes Kira away to Germany, Italy, France but the ghost chases them. At least they find the man called Shepsu, the only one who can save her. He was a young Circassian, who lived alone in a mountain hut in the Caucasus. Having held all the rituals Shepsu was able to conquer the evil spirit of Basargin. At last the curse was ruined. In conclusion, I personally would like to advise this novel and not just this one but the others too. In my opinion it was one of the best books I`ve ever read, it`s plot has swallowed me completely. Most of all I liked it`s moral : Love can neither be bought nor sold.

Frankie and alice Essay Example

Frankie and alice Essay Example Frankie and alice Essay Frankie and alice Essay Empathy is not simply a matter of trying to imagine what others are going through, but having the will to muster enough courage to do something about it. In a way, empathy is predicated upon hope . ? Cornel West Every human being is born in this world with the basic instincts to be able to understand one another and imagine what others are going through. Some of us are lucky enough to recognize this natural in built power we posses and magnify it to the fullest . We not only put ourselves in their shoes but we also help them feel better while walking in their own. It is the capacity we have to recognize emotions that are being experienced by another. According to me one is fortunate if they have been able to master this emotion and have had the courage to be selfless, with the desire to help another without thinking of what the circumstances may lead to be. Its not an easy task to come forward and have this selfless ability to help another with obstacles that are coming in their way of living a peaceful life, but we all can surely ark towards it and take an initiative everyday to make life a less of a misery for someone whose life may seem like a mess. : We as teenagers are young and brimming with immense amounts of emotions and feelings we are emotionally fragile but yet we have the innocence to help one and other without thinking about are gain though sometimes we get carried away. We are around people that are the same age as us, who are facing the same dilemmas and problems as we feel hence we easily feel empathy for one and other but we often hesitate to help them strive from their weaknesses, as we are too engrossed in our own. One must know that the best way to overcome your problem is by helping another overcome theirs. Its not Just enough to feel somebody pain, as it will only make difference when we actually help them to overcome it. This is the power we have been blessed with. We are born with an ability to hope for good and act accordingly. We cannot use this for our benefit at all mimes and be selfish with the excuse that we are too busy looking for great things for ourselves. We need to move beyond our needs and make a difference that will leave an impact which will last forever. We need to focus more on being good human beings and inculcating true morals that will helps us on the long run. In life when we do something great for someone we shall feel incredible as we could make a difference to someone and help them pull through a hard time. Dont make empathy an emotion we all express but an action we all execute.

buy custom James Joyce’s “Araby” essay

buy custom James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† essay James Joyces Araby is a short story that makes up Dubliners, James Joyces collection. It is one of the fifteen stories in the collection. The stories were published in 1914, though they were written between 1904 and 1906. The collection portrays life in Dublin, Ireland in the 20th century. Araby is a story about an Irish adolescent experiencing boyhood fantasies (Mandel 1). The story is based on the experiences of James while growing up in Ireland. He lived on North Richmond Street, central part of Dublin city. As in the narrator, James is not an orphan. The characters in Araby include the narrator, narrators aunt and uncle, Mangan, Mangans sister, Mrs. Mercer, stall attendant, porters at train station and school master. The narrator goes on a journey which ends to be fruitless. The themes in the story are the dangers of idealization, coming of age, the life of poverty versus mind, the loss of innocence (Beja 1). This essay will discuss the importance of the setting on its main character in James Joyces Araby. Summary of Araby The story takes place in North Richmond Street, Irelands largest city, located in Dublin. The narrator of the story is a boy who lives near the street with his aunt and uncle. Near the end of the street is an empty two storied house that was once lived by a priest tenant. After the death of the priest, the narrator explored the empty house. In winter, a boy named Mangan, the narrator and their friends would play in the muddy street and lanes behind and along the houses. The children hide when the narrators uncle appears into the streets and keeps in the shadow if Mangans sister comes from the house to call Mangan to tea. The narrtor is strongly attracted to Mangans sister and he constantly thinks of her even though he had never had a conversation with her. Finally, she speaks to him and asks him whether he will be going to the bazaar market. She is to attend a convent therefore will not go to the Araby bazaar. He tells her that he shall bring her something if he goes to the bazaar. He gets permission and goes to the Araby bazaar, he does not accomplish his mission and comes back home. He experiences pain that comes from encountering love in reality and not in its elevated form (Mandel 1). The Importance of the Setting on its Main Character in James Joyce's "Araby" Setting is part of atmosphere which consists of prevailing tone of the story and its result effect or meaning (Beja 1). The surrounding helps in setting the mood of the story. The setting plays a vital role in development of a story. It is so vital that it can influence the opinions and behavior of the characters. In stories with descriptions of animals, sounds, wind, light, shadows and shapes, the author uses them to create a mood or atmosphere for the actions (Mandel 1). The story portrays Dublin and the pain experienced from some encounters of love. The details of Araby set the mood of the story. The story is set in dreary, dark Dublin. North Richmond street is a gloomy atmosphere; blind and quiet street. The explanation of the street sets the scene in the beginning of the story. The description of North Richmond Street as blind portrays a dead end. The gloomy atmosphere is a reflection of what lies ahead in the life of the narrator while in Araby bazaar (Mandel 1). In the Araby story, the adjectives blind, uninhabited, quiet, detached, brown, descent, square, are a presentation of a world that is simple and practical (James 1). The narrator and his friends discover some aspects of beauty in the street surroundings while playing in the neighborhood. The description of Araby bazaar as hushed, dark, mostly empty and more money focused is a reflection of narrators bleak realization that imagination is not reality. James chooses a gloomy setting to well describe the surroundings of a young adolescents boy who is experiencing infatuation. The gloomy surroundings portray the boring and dull life of the nave young boy. James use of darkness makes the lifes boy more vivid and believable (Mandel 1). James presents Dublin as a blind city that is struggling from oppressive forces. The narrators use of obscure and dark references portrays the reality of living in Dublin, a gloomy town. The bright light references that describe Mangans sister is a reflection of the narrators warm and love feelings for her (Beja 1). The light references create a world of fairytale that is full of illusions and dreams. The narrator imagines that he will bring a gift to Mangans sister once he is back from Araby bazaar. The use of light by the author to describe Mangans sister creates a joyful and heavenly atmosphere (Mandel 1). Conclusion The experiences of the narrator in Araby illustrate how we sometimes expect more to happen in reality, more than reality can provide. More expectations than reality can provide leave us feeling disappointed and disillusioned. Although sometimes expectations disappoint people, it is ok to have bright imaginations because it creates emotions that are healthy. Buy custom James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† essay

How to handle anxiety and stress in the workplaceÂÂ

How to handle anxiety and stress in the workplace   The world of work offers many challenges. We get to learn more about our passions and interests, as well as our strengths and areas for improvement, and it gives us opportunities to mature as we take on new responsibilities, gain professional satisfaction, and chart a course for our lifelong career journeys- all key factors in leading a happy and fulfilling life. However- there’s a flipside to the work coin, which includes the reality that work is not always fun and easy. In fact, for most of us, our work lives can be a serious and persistent source of anxiety and stress, and it’s no small matter: It can affect all facets of our lives- not just our time spent at work- and can have lasting effects on our physical and mental well-being.The Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) recently conducted a survey regarding workplace stress and anxiety. Among their key findings:Employees say stress and anxiety most often impacts their workplace performance (56 percen t),  relationship with coworkers and peers (51 percent),  quality of work (50 percent), and relationships with superiors (43 percent).More than three-fourths who say stress interferes with their work say it carries over to their personal life, particularly men (83 percent vs. 72 percent for women).7 in 10 adults report that workplace stress affects their personal relationships, mainly with their spouses. Men (79 percent) report it affecting personal relationships more than women (61 percent).The main culprits of work-related stress are deadlines (55 percent),  interpersonal relationships (53 percent),  staff management (50 percent), and  dealing with issues/problems that arise (49 percent).Does this sound familiar? If so, and you’re experiencing anxiety and stress resulting from work, you’re not alone- and you don’t have to suffer through it with no end in sight.Be honest about itWhen some of us feel the weight of workplace stress and anxiety, our firs t impulse may be to write it off as something else. We analyze the symptoms- everything from lethargy to sleeplessness to irritability and changes in mood and behavior- and make excuses. We say that we’re just tired, or we’re just feeling sick, or even that it’s due to the weather. Basically, we do anything but acknowledge that our stress has a direct and obvious source- our jobs. We also try to rationalize that it’s only temporary, and that things will get better after this project or this â€Å"busy period,† even though it often never does. The truth is, these attempts to rationalize and â€Å"explain away† our work stress and anxiety only serves one purpose- to prolong it and avoid confronting it. The first step in handling workplace anxiety and stress is to be honest about it. This empowering move will help you begin to deal with it effectively.Diagnose the problem(s)Workplace stress and anxiety is similar to other problems in life in th at you need to fully understand the issues contributing to the situation before you can turn the tide and overcome it. When you’re feeling the effects of work stress and anxiety, take a step back from things and give yourself the time to fully understand each and every individual source and symptom that is affecting your life. Often, a â€Å"one size fits all† solution to your workplace anxiety is ineffective when there are multiple sources at play. Once you see all of the sources clearly, you can start thinking about effective individual solutions for each. Often, just understanding the problems can alleviate some of the strain and propel you on the path to improvement.Get helpLike other issues involving our jobs, we’re rarely completely alone in having to deal with stress and anxiety. Help is available- whether or not you choose to ask for it and accept it is your call. Depending on the issues that are contributing to your stress and anxiety and your specific workplace dynamic, you may benefit from taking the direct approach- be open with colleagues or bosses regarding the issues in an attempt to come up with effective solutions. Also, don’t forget that friends, family, and peers can be great sources of help and guidance here- especially if they’ve gone through similar situations. Also, don’t count out seeking the help of a professional. Many workplaces offer help through counseling and guidance services (both in-house and/or outside), and you always have the option of hiring a professional for help, the cost of which may be covered by your insurance plan. The bottom line is that you’re not alone here, and seeking help to deal with difficult issues isn’t shameful or embarrassing- it’s smart strategic thinking!Find outletsWhile there are times we can effectively tackle and reduce our workplace stress and anxiety by confronting it head-on, the truth is, sometimes it isn’t quite so easy. Simp ly put, some of us just have to accept that it’s a facet of our jobs. However, what we do have control over is how we spend our time outside of work, and making time for activities that help us offset the negative impact of our work is always a good idea. Get involved in things you enjoy doing in an effort to alleviate workplace stress and anxiety- finding a fulfilling life outside of work is very often the key to finding happiness within it.

Creating a Social Program for the Prevention of Child Abuse Essay

Creating a Social Program for the Prevention of Child Abuse - Essay Example As the discussion highlights  the effects of abuse do have very far reaching consequences in the lives of the abused. Many of them develop psychiatric disorders in their future life. There is more chance for them to experience teenage pregnancy, or commit violent crimes. They are more likely to turn to be alcohol and drug addicts in the future. All these factors have intensified the need to have a strong and organized counter strategy to fight against child sexual abuse. Child abuse results in the development of many harmful effects in children: â€Å"The symptoms can include post-traumatic symptoms, precocious sexualization, depression, anxiety, guilt, fear, sexual dysfunction, dissociative symptoms, eating disorders, substance abuse, prostitution, regressive behaviors such as a return to thumb-sucking or bed-wetting, runaway behavior, and academic and behavior problems.†Ã‚  This paper discusses that  identifying the abused children is an important factor to provide them with the necessary guidance and counseling. According to the Child Welfare Information Gateway, â€Å"learning to recognize the signs of child abuse and neglect† is the first step in helping abused or neglected children and â€Å"a single sign does not prove child abuse is occurring in a family.  It is necessary to have an understanding of the prevailing Governmental and Non- Governmental Organizations that aim at the prevention of child abuse in the United States through various social programs.

Bharti Airtel Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bharti Airtel Case Study - Essay Example   Certain advantages and disadvantages associated with the decisions are stated below: In the wake of the above-stated analysis, it is imperative for Bharti to get into an outsourcing deal as it would help the company to focus only on its core business activities. The present model of outsourcing of the company (revenue sharing) would help in generating greater accountability to its vendors to provide excellence in operations. The captive center model helps organizations to keep control over costs, enhance the learning curve of employees and promotes innovation (Lampbell & Bhalla, 2008, p.6). Expertise and knowledge-driven talent pool form two of the major core competencies of Bharti. The use of this model would help in enhancing the efficiencies of these two very critical core competencies. BOT model also puts up an option of transferring the assets and ownership from the vendor on a later date as specified in the mutual agreement. Benefits of this model include cost control, scalability, enhancement of knowledge curve and skill transfer (Lampbell & Bhalla, 2008, p.6).This model would help Bharti towards the betterment of its core competence of economy of scale. The benefits of Dedicated offshore centers model include low cost of setting up a facility, reduction of political pressures and increased focus on capitalization of external skills (Lampbell & Bhalla, 2008, p.6).The use of this model would help Bharti in reducing its overall cost of operations including fixed costs as well as to enhance the learning curve of the organization. Fee-for-Service based relationships model an organization gets the benefits of incurring zero set up costs for its facilities at very low levels of financial risk (Lampbell & Bhalla, 2008, p.6).

Pragmatism Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pragmatism Project - Essay Example The problem with this is trying to find the perfect car to restore at a reasonable cost and distance, although the drive to pick up the new car will be exhilarating in and of itself. Simply knowing what I am in store for makes my heart beat faster. Ultimately, the goal here is to find and restore said car to its original factory condition. Given that, I do not want to start with nothing more than an empty frame, I will need to find the car I want intact, but in need of work. This will give me the opportunity to restore a classic to its original beauty and luster, by my own two hands. The car I have chosen is a 1961 Lincoln Continental with suicide doors. As James said, pragmatism has â€Å"†¦only an attitude of orientation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which is why I chose this car. The act of restoring a vehicle, namely this one, is reminiscent of a time when life moved more slowly, although I was not around, I have always enjoyed the family stories. As a kid growing up, it was always fun and exciting to watch the gangster movies with their long, low cars that gave the appearance of danger. In a way, I will be able to relive moments in time of which I was not a part. Also, something of great importance in American history is that President John F. Kennedy was riding in a 1961 Lincoln Continental convertible limousine when he was shot and killed. Stark history, but it takes me home. The problems that I face in this project are simple, as finding an American car here will likely be more difficult than if I were stateside. Regardless of this, the restoration of a Lincoln is an exciting dream of mine that I will someday be able to fulfill. I have looked into it with vigor and found what I will need to do in order to complete this project with accuracy and pride, which will â€Å"†¦denote the unity of all ideal ends arousing us to desire and actions†, (Dewey, 42) Once the Lincoln I want has been found, I need to be sure that it is worth the asking price, as well as fit with my ideas and budget for the restoration. I must also consider if the condition of the car that I am buying will lend itself to the original restoration I am wanting to do, or if it is so badly beat up, or parts are too sparse, I may want to look elsewhere for another vehicle. This is the best part of the beginning, because the excitement of finding this car is infectious. I can already see myself cruising in it, windows rolled down, arm hanging out the window, very ‘hip’. Once I have the Lincoln at home, the fun would begin. Here I would strongly utilize pragmatism because there are not absolutes in care restoration. There is no state of rest, and practicality is what will allow me to succeed in this quest. I will need to have a space that is at least three times larger than the car itself, as all the parts will easily take up this extra room. The first thing that must be done with a project car is that it must be totally stripped down to the metal, piece by piece; it needs to be raw. This piece-by-piece deconstruction will give me the knowledge of what is still in good working order on the car, what is not, and what I need to find that is not there. It will also tell me a unique story, dreaming that perhaps this car once belonged to a famous gangster, but without the bodies in the trunk. This is important so that reassembly of the car will go easily and smoothly, but also to get to know my car. Each little piece tells a story of its own, its past,

Critical Response of the Jordanian Government Published a Code of Essay

Critical Response of the Jordanian Government Published a Code of Conduct Regulating Relations between the Media and the Governm - Essay Example If the spirit of text is to be followed, it clearly makes a demarcation between media and the government so that the media is guaranteed with a freedom of expression as stipulated in the Constitution of Jordan. It even went into details as to prohibit government in providing â€Å"the provision of financial incentives or in-kind designed to influence the journalists or the media and work on the subject of any practice inconsistent with the laws and the Charter of the press approved by the JPA†. This meant that government and its agencies are prohibited to give bribes to media in any form or kind that will influence its function as a press agency out of fear of black mail or to pursue its own popularity by influencing media through incentives. The text also circumscribed the state’s power of the purse to ensure that it does not influence media by the leverage of its ad placement. To prevent this, it directs its â€Å"departments and institutions through a direct purchas e from the market† to ensure that it will not meddle with the media that would compromise its independence. Meaning, government and its agencies will buy its subscriptions from the market and not through the free subscription given by the media. The guideline also prohibits government institution from employing any entity from the media to prevent it from having a close relation with the press which might induce it to influence the press. It ensures the objectivity of the media by guaranteeing, through the guidelines, that the media as an institution is separate and apart from the government and thus independent. Again, if the spirit of these guidelines is to be strictly followed, it can be considered as revolutionary in terms of upholding press freedom in Jordan because government is distancing itself from the media to ensure its independence and objectivity that can be likened to the code of regulations that govern the press in non-Arab countries. The text might have been th e original draft of the National Agenda Committee which was a response of the government to prevent any similar uprising in Jordan that happened in its neighbouring countries. It is important to note that in March 7, 2011 hundreds of Jordanian journalists emboldened by the wave of Arab uprisings in Egypt and Tunisia demanded an end to government’s curtailment of media freedom in Jordan (al-Khalidi 2011). There is a big probability that the draft was just a political move of the government to quell a possible uprising in Jordan and did not necessarily mean it. The draft was obviously not final because a month after the publication of such guidelines, Daoud Kuttab, a prominent journalist from Al Arabiya was called by the National Agenda Committee headed by Marwan Muasher in April of 2011 to consult his opinion in the government’s initiative â€Å"to design a strategic media plan† (Kuttab a 2011). Series of meetings happened after the initial meeting where a sugges tion to adopt a media council and ending the mandatory membership in journalist association were adopted. â€Å"The new strategy also recommended revision of a dozen or so laws related to the media† (Kuttab a 2011). The progressive initiative to uphold media independence and freedom was however temporary as a draft of Press and Publications Law was also forced through the Cabinet in parallel to the strategic media plan. The draft of the Press and Publica

AI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AI - Essay Example Incase the machine fails to imitate such unintelligent behaviors, it fails the test altogether. The second reason is that some of the intelligent behavior exhibited is inhuman. The test is not testing for highly intelligent behaviors such as the ability to solve problems. It requires the machine to lie. In this case the machine is much intelligent than a human being thus it must avoid exhibiting more intelligence. Incase the test required solving a practical problem that prove difficult for a human being, the interrogator would definitely distinguish between a human being and a machine. But in this case, it cannot build intelligence beyond the ability of human beings. The machine is a good test of human intelligence. This is because it requires the two players A and B to deceive the interrogator and find out if they can detect. In the two players, there is a man and a woman. They can both deceive the interrogator into believing that they are either of

Critical Response of the Jordanian Government Published a Code of Essay

Critical Response of the Jordanian Government Published a Code of Conduct Regulating Relations between the Media and the Governm - Essay Example If the spirit of text is to be followed, it clearly makes a demarcation between media and the government so that the media is guaranteed with a freedom of expression as stipulated in the Constitution of Jordan. It even went into details as to prohibit government in providing â€Å"the provision of financial incentives or in-kind designed to influence the journalists or the media and work on the subject of any practice inconsistent with the laws and the Charter of the press approved by the JPA†. This meant that government and its agencies are prohibited to give bribes to media in any form or kind that will influence its function as a press agency out of fear of black mail or to pursue its own popularity by influencing media through incentives. The text also circumscribed the state’s power of the purse to ensure that it does not influence media by the leverage of its ad placement. To prevent this, it directs its â€Å"departments and institutions through a direct purchas e from the market† to ensure that it will not meddle with the media that would compromise its independence. Meaning, government and its agencies will buy its subscriptions from the market and not through the free subscription given by the media. The guideline also prohibits government institution from employing any entity from the media to prevent it from having a close relation with the press which might induce it to influence the press. It ensures the objectivity of the media by guaranteeing, through the guidelines, that the media as an institution is separate and apart from the government and thus independent. Again, if the spirit of these guidelines is to be strictly followed, it can be considered as revolutionary in terms of upholding press freedom in Jordan because government is distancing itself from the media to ensure its independence and objectivity that can be likened to the code of regulations that govern the press in non-Arab countries. The text might have been th e original draft of the National Agenda Committee which was a response of the government to prevent any similar uprising in Jordan that happened in its neighbouring countries. It is important to note that in March 7, 2011 hundreds of Jordanian journalists emboldened by the wave of Arab uprisings in Egypt and Tunisia demanded an end to government’s curtailment of media freedom in Jordan (al-Khalidi 2011). There is a big probability that the draft was just a political move of the government to quell a possible uprising in Jordan and did not necessarily mean it. The draft was obviously not final because a month after the publication of such guidelines, Daoud Kuttab, a prominent journalist from Al Arabiya was called by the National Agenda Committee headed by Marwan Muasher in April of 2011 to consult his opinion in the government’s initiative â€Å"to design a strategic media plan† (Kuttab a 2011). Series of meetings happened after the initial meeting where a sugges tion to adopt a media council and ending the mandatory membership in journalist association were adopted. â€Å"The new strategy also recommended revision of a dozen or so laws related to the media† (Kuttab a 2011). The progressive initiative to uphold media independence and freedom was however temporary as a draft of Press and Publications Law was also forced through the Cabinet in parallel to the strategic media plan. The draft of the Press and Publica

Aircraft Crash Analysis & Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aircraft Crash Analysis & Design - Essay Example All of the 297 passengers and 12 crew members evacuated the aircraft before the fire reached the escape doors. All of the passengers and crew members survived with only 12 were seriously injured. People called it a miracle and the role played by the highly trained crew members in an emergency situation was appreciated. The passenger cabin had eight emergency exit doors. Six of the doors are used in Type A emergency and the other two doors are used in Type l emergency. All of the doors were similar in operation. They had a design to be opened either from interior or the exterior. According to the operating manual of Airbus cabin crew the instruction states that opening the doors from interior in normal operations, the door control handle must be completely up. All of the doors were equipped with door assist system which had an emergency operation cylinder and a damper. Damper helps in limiting the travel of the door in normal operations especially when the conditions are windy. But in an emergency situation the damper acts as an actuator in order to open the door automatically. The damper is operated by compressed nitrogen gas which is stored in specially designed cylinders which have pressure gauge. Slide arm lever controls the release of nitrogen by and actuating device. When the arm lever is at armed state as normally it is during landing as a result the door assist opens the door automatically. Each emergency door also has a prismatic lens. The plane had 8 evacuation escape devices to help in fast occupant way out in state of an emergency. It had 2 single lane slides at emergency doors R3 and L3 and six double lane rafts at emergency doors R1, R2, R4, L1 and L2. The deployment and inflation of the rafts were automatically started when the emergency doors are opened. Normally the deployment and inflation time of rafts is 16 seconds but on Airbus A340 it is 8 seconds. There is no sign that the international

Business Administration Goals Essay Example for Free

Business Administration Goals Essay The world of business is one of the most complex yet interesting fields that an aspiring professional may dwell into. Business can turn a poor man into a tycoon just by venturing to franchise, invent a new device or work for a million-dollar company. Even though business may sometimes scare other individuals, it is also the very reason why others strive hard to be a part of the fast-moving commerce elites. As mentioned, it makes great impact to a person’s life. Hence, not all who took the risk was able to succeed, if business is not administered in the most effective way—it could cost a person a lifetime in paying debts. Conceivably, I belong to the group of aspiring individuals who dreams of having a company that will change lives of other people. Even though I am aware of the risks of petitioning myself to the lives of the privileged, I am whole-heartedly stepping forward to pursue my dream. My sole ambition is to serve the public with grace and wit—make ethical decisions and sustain financial stability—but before all that, I know I must be able to hone myself in becoming one. Success does not happen overnight. It requires determination and the right education to build an empire of assets. My dad is a business man. I grew up knowing that being a businessman means being a leader. It does not necessarily mean that I need to have constituents to lead, but that I need to be decisive. My father always told me that business tycoons who failed in the industry were nothing but greedy individuals who does not know a thing or two in making decisions—the ethical ones. Since then I promised to myself that I will be a leader who knows how to lead well. A person anchored not only with tangible assets but with knowledge. Entering college served as a crossroad for my dreams. I was torn between engineering and business. Most of my friends in high school encouraged me to enroll with engineering courses. For a while I was dumbfounded with the thought that neither of my friends wanted to become leaders of tomorrow—own a construction company per se. But my instinct was racing through my veins, as I turn every magazine that featured the finest business tycoons in the country, my heart pounded. I then knew I wanted to be like them. It was a field that I grew up with and it will be what I shall pursue. I had my degree in business administration. The goal that made me pursue my dream was a manifestation of my confidence. The training that I have received inside the walls of the classroom and off to the real world brought out the entrepreneur in me. During my academic years, my mentors taught me how to manage a business entity—the aptitude in solving problems which are based on the comprehension of tools, concepts, and theories of functional business disciplines. Aside from that, it is through education that I acquired the capability to excel functional borders, fusing and integrating information to create multifaceted, short-term decisions with limited data. Education has served me well in honing myself in becoming a capitalist of the 21st century. It was through commencing and conducting researches and divulge in competitive analysis that I was able to apply the strategies that I learnt. I realized that environmental scanning is necessary for long-term strategic decisions. To effectively harness and utilize the dawning of technology and employ such in the most deliberate manner was a mean of keeping one’s game alive. Competition is tight in the business arena. Each player must be prepared and must have forecasting methods to stay in the game. My goal is to enrich my knowledge on these fields which I know are beneficial for my future career. Every individual have a set of goals. Mine only happens not only to be a goal but also a dream that I have long wished to hold a grasp of. I want to improve the knowledge and skills that I have acquired in my tertiary years. I humbly believe that there is more to learn. Given the fact that I am determined to run a company that will provide employment for the underprivileged, I know I need to be equipped with the capacity to balance finances and be armed with managerial skills. In the light, I am optimistic that I will succeed. Every single lesson will help me in the future and possibly help others. I do not only wish to keep the knowledge that I have for myself but I also intend to share these with other aspirants—to help the next generation in raising the economy of the country. Globalization has expanded the face of business in the society. I consider every country an asset as new ordeals shall be discovered. Thus to be able to handle this massive weight of transactions I must learn the twists of every nation’s economy and become skilled at risk management. I am preparing myself for the worst. As mentioned earlier, anything can happen. Although quite on the contrary, I envision myself breaking boundaries. My goal now is to defy the trend of risk-taking; that given the efficient strategies, a blooming entrepreneur will not fail. Individuals who still believe in the necessity of the discipline of business administration to address real world, value laden issues would gain a foothold and began the long climb back to a place in the sun. As modularity becomes an established way of doing business, competition among fresh and old dogs in business will intensify. Nevertheless the society will look for the best-performing or lowest cost goods and services, spurring these increasingly sophisticated and independent suppliers into a race for innovation. The world is full of possibilities, they say. Therefore there is a spark of hope in the goals I have set. I may sound too idealistic in this sense but I am looking on the bright side. I will make my parents proud. I will reach my goals—no matter how tough the ride gets.

Product line extension of coca cola

Product line extension of coca cola Coca-Cola Company had been with many of fights before it became which now is. Its years begun in 1886 in which a pharmacist of named Atlanta Juan Pemberton raised with a water of the drink, a cane sugar syrup, a caffeine, kola nut and cola leaves extracts. The drink that was found to be nutritious and restoration. Pemberton along with its accountant, frank Robinson sold it to the market. Robinson suggested the appointment of the Coca-Cola drink after his two ingredients and so he was. They called it delicious and that it recovered. Nevertheless, Pemberton died in 1888 with its gains that only ascended to $50. It sold to his company to Handle Candler, druggist to by greater of Atlanta for the cost of $2.300. In 1892, Candler and its brother, Juan, frank Robinson and his two colleagues established Coca-Cola Company. Further to do his drink known public, it passed $11,000 of 1892 for the posters of the drink, murals and distributed the aviators who can be seen in most of the markets. The company established his first plant of the drink in Dallas, Roofing tiles. The drink was then first in bottle by a bottling company in Vicksburg, Mississippi. A year later, was sold the country throughout. Two lawyers named to youngest child Thomas and Jose Whitehead from Chattanooga, Tennessee bought the rights of distribution of the syrup of the coke of the company in 1899. More ahead, both they divide due to the differences in time and to the money. Thomas had the rights for the Northeast coast and of the West whereas Whitehead supervised the territories of the Southeastern, the Southwest and the near west. The drink had its first curved contour of the bottle in 1915 based on the one form of the cocaine. Candler retired of its work and passed its rights to its children. He made mayor of Atlanta in 1916. Ernest Woodruff of Columbus, Georgia bought to company in 1919 worthy of $25 million. His son, Robert made the president of the company. Robert spent more time than he investigated on the commercialization the drink that the manufacture he. Two mottos were added under their term: The Pause that Refreshes and Its the Real Thing. Since then, Coca-Cola grew until it became which was known today. Product line Extension A line of products extension is the use of the mark of a product established for a new article in the same category of the product. The line extensions happens when a company introduces additional articles in the same category of the product under same mark as new flavors, forms, colors, the added, so large ingredients of the package. Marketing Plan for Product Line Extension of Coca Cola The company of the base of the company of Coca-Cola is to benefit and to recover each one that reaches. Founded on 1886, we are the main, selling manufacturer, and distributor of the world of the concentrated ones and the syrups without alcohol of the drink, that are used to produce almost 400 trade names of the drink which they compensate wide list. The corporative headquarters settle down in Atlanta, and we are celebrating local operations inside on 200 countries around the world. The activities cover all the sectors with the industry of drinks. It is the second main functional drink player and Asian of the specialty, whereas the number that aligns one in the value for ready-to-drinks the sector of the tea. The Bubble Buzz will be a drink in bottle and will be placed as the only one ready-to-drinks the product of the tea of the bubble available in the market. The drink will have a green base of the tea with the heightened flavors of the fruit (fruit, mills and passion lime) as well as per them of the tropical. It will bring an experience that drinks entirely only its consumers. One will appear like cowardly and unusual alternative to the traditional tea whereas it provides the great taste of the authentic juice of fruit in attractive and advisable packing. The strategic paper of the humming of the bubble for the Coca-Cola Company is centered on three objectives: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In order to remain in the vanguard like the leader of market in innovating product introductions and guessed right product launchings; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In order to consolidate and to satisfy the necessities with the consumers more adventurers of the generation and with a new product eye-catching and functional; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In order to make the leader of market in the functional segment of drinks with the increasing quotas of market. Situation Analysis INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Consumption: The volume of sales for the functional segment of drinks in Canada it has reached $342.2 million in 2004 after a volume of 125.9 million liters. This segment of the product has demonstrated a constant growth from 1999: an increase of 13.5% during 6 years. The tariff of the consumption per capita in 2004 has reached 3.94 liters, that a compared increase 4.0% represents in 1999. The growth of this particular market is to a great extent due to a slow change in tendencies of the consumer. Trends: With early years 60, the nonalcoholic drinks were synonymous with the colas in the mind of consumers. In the years 80 and years 90, nevertheless, other drinks (of the water in bottle to the tea) got to be more popular. Coca-Cola and Pepsi responded extending their offerings with alliances (e.g. Coke and Nestea) and acquisitions (e.g. Coke and Minute Maid), but also being centered efforts in the diversification of the list. Today, whereas the value of the industry of the smooth drink has increased of 2004, the sales of volume of carbonic nonalcoholic drinks have declined due to a great proportion of the consumers who are deciding on the tendency towards healthier alternatives in the functional segment of the drink (the drinks, the smoothies, milk and the juice of the energy drinks, drunk of the sports) as well as the juice and the water in bottle. They have contracted the companies actively to new product progresses to contradict the preoccupations every greater time by negative impacts of the health of drinks of high degree of fruitful, but also to increase the demand in a market where the offerings of the product are being matured quickly. The new introductions of the flavor and the health-conscious formulations have been sent in an attempt to compensate the declination in carbonic sales of the smooth drink. One hopes that the functional market demonstrates maintained years of the interest of the growth and the consumer in the future whereas the consumption changes of position to products to trendier more, healthier and more falsified. Profitability future growth potential: In 1993, the producers of the concentrated one gained to 29% benefits before taxes in their sales, whereas the embotelladores gained benefits of 9% in their sales, for the beneficial total of the industry of 14%. Whereas the functional sector of drinks explains only 3.7% of the total sales of nonalcoholic drinks in 2004, the estimations are foretelling a growth of 7.3% in sales and 11.0% in the consumption of the volume before 2009. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Brand strength Coca-Cola Company is the greatest manufacturer, distributor and the salesman of the concentrated ones and syrups without alcohol of the drink in the world. The trade name of Coca-Cola is unarguably one of the reconocibles trade names of the 200 countries in where it sells his products. The strong mark is one of the base for the competitive advantage of the company in several of its markets of the base. Effective strides in new markets Coca-Cola has partnered with several companies (such as company at risk shared with Nestle) to increase the capacity to react to the demands and the changes in the markets of the tea, the coffee and the frozen juice. The markets that become are more complex than carbonic nonalcoholic drinks. Results of operations In 2004, the yields of network-operation added approximately $21.9 billion, an increase of 8% as of 2002. The gross benefit added $14.3 billion of 2004. The company heavy generated $5.968 million its activities of operation and reinvierte in its business. The capacity to generate liquidity flows significant is one of its dominant forces. Strong existing distribution channels Coca-Cola have operations everywhere and are established in their channels of distribution (such as retailers of the warehouse or machines of sale). Therefore, a new product launching can trust typically the existing system of the distribution to reach to most of its market of target whereas the delivery does not require any important progress of supply / delivery. Weaknesses Relying upon line extensions Extensions is to trust sales of the increase of the extensions of trade name in the specific lines, particularly its carbonic products of long term of the smooth drink (that is to say. the introduction of the coke of helped vanilla to maintain the sales for drinks of the tail of the base). Nevertheless, there is a strong risk to recover the usable pieces existing sales to the long term (for example, the tea of the bubble could dissuade in the sales for the frozen tea). Reliant upon particular carbonated drinks The presence of long term of the drink of the coke of Coca-Cola has established this particular line like product of the ship standard. Whereas the products of the coke of the base bring a solid base of sales and loyalty to the company, expectations of the consumers las also anchor more and more and single-they are aligned, clearing the freedom in the areas of the line diversification and the product modifications (taste, packed, price). Brand dilution The enormous amount of existing new product and trade names that were introduced by the company could diminish the value and forces distinguishing of each product that is being manufactured. Entrance into difficult non-core categories Coca-Cola Company is a truely global multinational giant of the business. Whereas some product categories are distributed in many areas of the globe (coke, Powerade, etc.), the geographic necessities require since these global trade names are adapted heavy to their region of the target. In addition, many lines of smaller and diversified products are more or less popular in a particular region on another one. Therefore, the process to diversify to the production and the commercialization each product implies expensive investments. These requirements of capital increase typically whereas the product focuses heavy (for example, since the trade name of Coca-Cola is world-wide highly reconocible, the commercialization a coke bottle in Japan would be less difficult that the commercialization to the bottle of Qoo in which he himself country Qoo that is a drink nongasified less well-known than was one of the newest introduction of the trade name of Coca-Cola in 1999). Saturation of carbonated soft drink segment Due to the countless number of the trade names available in the market, more and more gets to be difficult in the segment of nonalcoholic drinks to innovate and to create the new products that genuine are stopped towards outside their competition. And like we have seen, an analysis of the industry has demonstrated that the growth in the market of nonalcoholic drinks gets to be difficult and desafiador when the conditions and the tendencies of the consumer cause a demand of the market that remains suspended. Opportunities New product introductions The functional market of drinks are one that allows particularly more opportunities of the innovation and gives the greater freedom for the creativity in the design, production, manufacture, distribution, promotion and the options and the processes selling to by minor. Brand is attractive to global partners Due to the size of the company (value including, marks and the yields of operation) and the wide base of the list, Coca-Cola enjoys a spending power hard on its jets, and also e.g. attracts great societies with the several levels of the reach of the consumer ( Burger King, promotions of the study of the film, agreements of the sponsorship, etc.). The knowledge of existing trade name also provides a field that plays international for the long-range strategies of the commercialization. Threats Strong competition Coca-Cola is competing in a global market that is characterized by oligopoly between several (but little in numbers) competing. The fight for the quotas and the sales of market in tight markets becomes complex. Potential health issues The present tendency of the consumer and the consumers agrupan knowledge towards merchandise and the services are beneficial and threatening for the companies in the sector of nutritional products and drinks. On the last years, the excessive editions of the health of the preoccupations have risen in means with to have extended and the network every greater time of the knowledge makes leave (the newspapers, the TV channels, Internet and so on). The movement of the youngest generation towards one more a healthier call of the form of life for the planning and the careful decision making in new product progresses. The big companies can also make easily the white apprehension of consumes. Free trade In an era of globalization, the great international competitors can leave with the comparative advantages (the constant fight to continue being the first motor and leader of market in a long term phantom). The editions appear when taking care of the competition of the price and the economic development. The commercial organizations also take control in front of the public pressure that can interrupt operations in or more areas of the company. COMPETITION The superior competitors of Coca-Cola for the industry of nonalcoholic drinks are PepsiCo (31.6%) and Cadbury- Schweppes (15.8% of the market), that combined, represents near 48% of the total market. Coca-Cola is leading with 43.7% of the total market of nonalcoholic drinks. In the functional sector of drinks, PepsiCo is the leader of present market with 60.5% of the quotas of market in 2004. Coca-Cola Co is secondly with 32,8%. The Bubble Buzz will send in a unserved at the moment the subgroup of that market (RTD Ready-TO-Drink tea of the bubble), that until this moment unexisting. It is anticipated that the following trade names could potentially compete with Bubble Buzz in the functional market of drinks: Energetic, Lipton froze the tea, Sobe (had by PepsiCo), as well as Snapple and the hawaiano sacador (had by Cadbury/Schweppes). The Bubble Buzz also creates a potential situation for the cannibalism with Coca-Cola very has other functional drink and trade names of the frozen tea. The present tea becomes fragments of the bubble of the fortraditional of the market, since the distribution restricts to the local plugs and the points of sale such as accountants and small tea of the bubble make purchases in locations dispersed through Canada. Nevertheless, the direct competition of these local players is not anticipated, from the commercialization roll-towards outside it will accentuate initially in knowledge of the product and both channels of sales do not reach nor serve he himself market (that sells to by minor against accountant/the restoration). A strong system of the distribution exists or with Coca-Cola, since the societies and the channels are or in place. This will facilitate the reach of the product in its market of target. Barriers to entry: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Due to the number of competitors, it will be hard to prevent behavior with imitation (Specially of PepsiCo) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Risk of the competition with the private labels that emerge (e.g. Choice of president) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Given the ample range of the trade names (saturation in the market of the smooth drink), one becomes a challenge so that the humming of the bubble is stopped towards outside à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To produce tea in bottle of the bubble requires the investments of important capitals for the specific necessities of the chain of the manufacture (of the ingredients to the specifications of packed final) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The campaign of the commercialization to do this trade name not known popular requires more promotional expenses that an extension of traditional trade name. Target Market Segment identification: RTD (Ready-to-it drinks) bottled tea of the bubble, to be established within the functional sector of drinks. Segment needs: The product will supply to the necessities and social of the necessities of the calorie of bothphysiology ( hydrating and nutritional value) (opinion of a social drink, of the diversion with a sense to belong within groups of the consumer of the pair). Segment trends: The present tendencies include a change far from foods of the scrap iron and the drinks carbonated, an interest every greater time for beneficial healthier products/for the mind and body, the tendency towards the availability of in the products for those with a form of active life, as well as the tendency for the personalizacià ³n with the adjustment for particular requirements go (or for drinks, with variety-looking for in a wide introduction of flavors). Segment growth potential: The statistical information anticipate a growth of the segment of excessive the 1.72% 9 next years (2015) for the 10-29 years. Positioning strategy The only tea in bottle RTD of the bubble available. The cowardly bottle and eye-catching, the functional packed one, the experience that drink superior-appraised, fresh, new and unusual, unique, the aspects of the game (to per them of the tapioca, colored straw of great size), the variety of flavors, candy, recovering, for the hip and young people, a healthier alternative to the heavy-sugar drinks. Marketing Objectives The objectives of the plan of the commercialization are centered strategic around 3 criteria: in order to create a strong knowledge of the consumer towards a totally new product of the tea of the bubble of Coca-Cola, to establish a recognition of ample trade name with the capture of the quotas of market in the functional segment of drinks, and to make the leader of superior market in that particular segment within the foretold sales it calculates. Marketing Program Product Strategy The core :.The drink of the tea of the bubble in pre-having bottling, ready-to-drinks format. The Actual Product Packaging and labeling: Branding: colorful, the aspect of the game, formed, prominent standard round of the Bubble Buzz written in the modern source, catchphrases for example Thinks outside The bubble and Get Your Buzz. Trade name: Bubble Buzzà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢, a Coca-Cola product Brand personality: cowardly, fresh, functional, original, amused, healthy energy, etc. Brand equity: Coca-Cola provides a reputation of the quality, constant, accessible innovator and of the smooth drink. Augmented product: Nutritional information, state (drunk social), characteristics that promote the Web site, subsidy by disease of a green base of the tea. Marketing considerations Product life cycle: The Bubble Buzz is a product under-that learns. With a strong campaign of the commercialization, the sales will to immediately begin and the advantages of the purchase are understood easily. Since the Bubble Buzz is prone imitation of the product, the strategy of Coca-Cola is to quickly widen the distribution that is at the moment feasible thanks to the high capacity of manufacture of the company. Product class: Food beverage- Soft Drinks- Functional Drinks Bubble Buzz follows the practice of product modification: Coca-Cola is introducing an existing drink (tea of the bubble) but redefines the drink with a new one, more advisable package. The tea of the bubble now will become a drink extensively available in the multiple that sells to by minor the channels (of the distribution). Price Strategy The strategy of the price that will be undertaken must consider the aspects following: 1. Demand of consumer 2. The service life of product 3. The demand of potential Customer demand Customer demand Client of the substitutes is a crucial factor that is lead by the taste, the rent and the availability of others the similar products in a diverse price (mentioned more ahead in the potential it replaces the section). For many of consumers, the value and the price highly are related: the higher the price, the higher the valueTherefore, the intention of Coca-Cola to place Bubble Buzz like unique, innovating and attractive product gives certain control him on price of the Bubble Buzz. To be able to put the appraisal in execution above nevertheless, the minimization of the nonmonetary costs to the clients must also be along with includes the knowledge of the product (remarkably announcing) and values (the advantages). The Product Lifecycle The company must also take to advantage the fact that newer it is the product and previous inside its service life upper the price can be generally. It assures a margin benefit of the overflow whereas adopters early buy the product and the company/signature tries to recover costs of the development quickly and also it brings certain prestige to the product. Potential substitutes Coca-Cola is forced by the monopolistic market in which he competes. The basic characteristics nevertheless are product differentiation. Promotion Strategy Objectives: In order to initiate strong knowledge on the launching of the bubble it makes fun of to transverse of consumers of the generation and (10-29 years) as well as its parents. In order to gain the quotas of market on our superior functional competitor of drinks, PepsiCo. Message: The promotional exits will transport the clear message that the Bubble Buzz is a healthy Drink for sporty and young people who simply enjoy taking care of their body and life. Concepts: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Think outside the bubble: BeBold, BeOriginal, BeDifferent, BeYourself. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A good spirit in a good body. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ For the out-of-the-ordinary individuals who like to challenge themselves. Media selection: Before choosing the appropriate averages, it is important to observe that the consumers of the generation and give only the partial attention to means. Nevertheless, they can be reached with integrated programs. They are using typically average of more than a communication simultaneously; a behavior that often is called the works multiple. This group of consumers does not give his complete attention to a single message, but the continuous partial attention uses something to explore means. The salesmen can immovable communicate with the generation and using a variety of pointed promotional tools. Another tactics important to reach our market of target are with the viral commercialization or of the Buzz , that Coca-Cola will use heavy in this campaign (campus, competitions). Promotional Mix: Consumer oriented: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Competitions: Win another Bubble Buzz flavour, Uncover a secret code underneath the bottle cap and win sporting goods and electronics by logging on the website, Win a trip and tickets and hotel package for west indies . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Samples: distributed in supermarkets, school/universities. The samples are a way to avoid resistance of the product since they do not use people to find bubbles in his drinks. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Discussions: It will animate purchases of the new product and represents little dangerous for the consumers since he obtains it for free. They do not have anything to loosen trying it. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Point of the purchase: in supermarkets (to reach to the parents of the generation and). Discussions: It is also means to increase test of the product and provides a good visibility of the product. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Others: To subsequent years, it hooks to the positioning of the product in demonstrations or films of the TV. Trade oriented à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Permissions and discounts: permission of the case à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cooperative publicity: in order to animate to retailers who buy our product and maintain ours of high level of the announcement that the consumers hope of Coca-Cola. Other considerations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Scheduling of the publicity: Programming of the pulse (it is present at promotional throughout all the year, but accentuated and intensified before and during of summer). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ IMC (integrated marketing communication) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Intermediary: the personal sale will be more of frequent use à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Last consumer: Coca-Cola will use more of medioses of communication because the amount of potential buyers is great. Target Audience à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Intermediary: the personal sale will be more of frequent use à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ultimate consumer: Coca-Cola will use more of medioses of communication because the amount of potential buyers is great. Place (Distribution Strategy) The Bubble Buzz will be distributed through these channels: supermarkets, warehouses of convenience, independent warehouses of the food, multiple warehouses of discount, multiple grocers, direct machines of sale, sales. Contribution of Advertisement The strategy of the development of the trade name of Coca-Cola has been of great spread and has handled to remain in the calcium light since then felt well to a favorite with the drinkers without alcohol. One has noticed that the loyalty of trade name is an important factor in holding the position of number one. The article down suggests the several techniques of the building of the trade name of the company. Founded in 1886, the Coca-Cola Company enjoys the state of being one of the bigger companies without alcohol of the drink of the world. It has a system of the distribution that makes only of the rest of the manufacturers without alcohol of the drink. Over the years, Coca-Cola has passed several tests of the enhancement of the trade name and the company does a point to him that the products underneath the Coca-Cola of the flag continue invading the minds of the consumers. The strategy of the development of the trade name of Coca-Cola included the readjustment of its policies and techniques of development of the trade name to continue with mindset that it changed of his consumers. Previous, this trade name believed in the following one: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Produce the capacity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Availability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The acceptability Nevertheless, this strategy of the development of the trade name of Coca-Cola was re worked to tension in the following one instead of another one: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Value of the price à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Preference à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Penetrating Penetration. The essence of the building of the trade name of the company lies in the fact that it wanted that the accessibility of its consumer was within the reach of an arm of desire. In an attempt test to be constructed its identity of the trade name, so much as 20 qualities of trade name each participation of the month so much as 4000 clients. The strategy of the development of the trade name of Coca-Cola is effective since it has been able to construct, handles as well as it maintains his image of trade name from yesteryears. Learning Outcomes When establishing is rebirthed marketing plan every aspect of the marketing plan must be critically examined and thoroughly researched. This consists of examining of study of markets, reviewing of the business and the present situation (situation analysis) and carefully scrutinising of the industry and the possibilities of the smooth drink of Coca-Cola in the market. Once Coca-Cola has carefully acclimates internal and external of analysedthe of business and critically examined the industry in general who the most advisable strategies of the commercialization will be selected and these strategies will be administered close with effectiveness and continuously supervising to outer threats and opportunities and reviewing internal procedures of the effectiveness. Internal Business Environment The atmosphere of internal business and its influence is the one that is until certain point within the control of the business. The main qualities in the internal atmosphere include effectiveness in the production process, through abilities of management and effective communication channels. In order to control and to supervise with effectiveness the atmosphere of internal business, the coke must lead the continuous valuations of the operations of business and of acting easily on any factor, that they cause inefficiencies in any phase of the production and the process of the consumer. External Business Environment The atmosphere of external business and its influences is generally the long-range forces that can affect a whole industry and, in fact, a whole economy. The changes in the external atmosphere will create opportunities or the threats in the Coca-Cola of the market must be found out dull. The fluctuations in the economy, the attitudes and the values of the client that they change, and the demographic patterns heavy influence the success of products of the tail of Coke in the market and the reception that receive from the consumers. Developing the Marketing Mix The mixture of the commercialization is probably the most crucial stage of the process of the planning of the commercialization. Here it is where the tactics of the commercialization for each product are determined. The mixture of the commercialization refers the combination of the four factors (price, promotion, product, and place) that compose the base of the strategy of the commercialization of a business. In this passage of the process of the planning of the commercialization, the mixture of the commercialization is due to design to satisfy wishes of target markets and reaches the objectives of the commercialization. The guessed right businesses more have supervised and changed continuously their mixture of the commercialization due to respective the internal and external factors and have supervised the atmosphere of external business to maximize their components of the mixture of the commercialization. The Product Many products are the physical objects that you can have and to take. But the product of the word means much more that hardly physical merchandise. In the commercialization, the product also refers services, such as holidays or a film, where you enjoy the advantages without having the result of the service. The businesses must think of products about three diverse levels that are the product of the base, the real product and the increased product. The product of the base is what it is buying the consumer really and the advantages he gives. The clients of Coca-Cola are buying an ample nonalcoholic drink range. The real product is the pieces and the characteristics that give the product of the base. The consumers will buy the product of the coke due to the greater levels and the high quality of products of Coca-Cola. The increased product is the additional advantages and services of the consumer provided the clients. Since the nonalcoholic drinks are good consumable, the increased level very is limited. But Coca-Cola offers a line of the aid and a telephone service of the complaint for the clients who are not satisfied with the pr