Art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Art tale - Essay ExampleAudrey Flacks paintings are quite controversial, and she represents the many womanly artists out in that respect that are taking feminism to the next level by using art to convey messages of female supremacy to the society (Brooklyn Museum, 2014). The school is that of vulnerability realism, and she has combined different images in her work to convey the womens liberationist message.Her work consists of a blooming rose. This rose is used to represent female genitalia, a bold displace on the artists part yet very creative. Blooming roses have been occasionally used by photo artists to represent female genital organs. She would forefend having to place the real picture so as to avoid a lot of controversies, and yet placing this hidden meaning adds value to the work. The blooming rose is definitely a show of female supremacy. The organ is key in giving life to all humans thence its importance cannot be left out.The artist has also placed a promise in her work. The ring possibly represents her relationship possibly with her husband. It is amusing that the ring is also present in yet another(prenominal) of Audrey Flacks paintings Jolie Madame. The ring possibly shows the power women have over men in relationships. Although largely denied, women possibly turn tail the largest parts in relationships from performing household chores. All of these that must be balanced for the relationship to work out. This possibly shows the dominance of women over men not only in relationships but in jointure too.An apple is also placed in the artwork. This reminds anyone viewing the work of the biblical apple that caused man to be sent from the garden of Aden as very well narrated in the story of creation. The apple represents the burgeoning female sexual urge considering that through the apple Eve was able to cause her husband Adam to sin despite shtup warning from their creator not to eat the apple.An orange in the

Final project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

nett insure - Assignment ExampleA proper analysis pull up stakes provide an efficient project plan that provides well for, the work breakdown structure, methodology, work packages and the estimated time required to complete the project at hand.Risk plan for the whole project will also be designed and implemented for the foreseen risks that could blockade the successful delivery of the project. Unmitigated risks in the construction industry have damage significant issue of property and life. The financial loss can be in terms of delay and over expenditure. virtually of the serious risks that must have a proper management plan include design changes, cost overrun, project process approval, safety and the conditions of the sites among others.The project will be divided into three major activities viz. preparation, lifting and reinforcing the building. The preparation will involve the following activities i.e. plans and permits, assembly of machines, cleaning of the taint, tempo ral remotion of ducts, removal of the floor, removal of the walls, installation of ducts system back, and supplying of heat to restore warmth. During these activities, the residents will not be required to forego their houses but there will be temporal disruption of their normal services. This phase will bring forth an estimated 27 days.The lifting phase will include the following activities, assembly of the machinery, removing of the porch, installation of the jacks, lifting of the building and finally, transfer of the soil to another place This phase will take an estimated 6 days to complete. The final phase will include activities such as additional excavation, foundation replacement, lowering of the building, framing, refitting of the furnace, and finishing. This phase will take 11 days to finish.Figure 2.0 shows the relationship between the activities projected to finish the project. The diagram also outlines the resources assigned to all(prenominal) activity and the flow in which the activities will be carried out.

INFORNO operating system Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

INFORNO operating system - investigate Proposal ExampleHere, the term varied computing systems involves not just desktop computers but a range of devices such as palm tops, laptops, set-top boxes and other communication equipment. The challenge in writing applications for a distributed and hybrid environment is threefold firstly, the development environments vary greatly, secondly, systems and the way these systems present resources vary greatly and lastly a varied network has varying security and authorization policies that may not necessarily contemporise crosswise the network (vitanuaova.com, nd). inferno was developed as a successor of Plan 9 OS primarily with the help of Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson in the Bell Labs computing Sciences research centre in new Jersey, USA in 1995 (operating-system.org, 2008). The entire team of cavity includes Sean Dorward, Rob Pike, David Pressotto, Dennis Ritchie, Howard Trickey and Phil Winterbottom.The native motivation fanny INFERNO is generating the capability to include a range of e realday use hardware devices into a distributed network. INFERNO OS facilitates the creation and support of distributed services in the new and emerging world of network environments, such as those typified by CATV and direct satellite broadcasting systems, as well as the Internet (Dorward et al 2002). Inferno is designed to accommodate the diverse providers of content and services from equally diverse transport and presentation platforms. From the supra discussion it is evident that the main strength of INFERNO lies in its portability crosswise several dimensions. Primarily, it is portable across various processor architectures. Currently it works with Intel x86, Intel XScale IBM Power PC, ARM, SunSPARC and MIPS (vitanuova, nd). Secondly INFERNO is portable across platforms. It can run as either a stand-alone operating system or as an application under the regular operating systems such as Windows and Linux (Dorward, Pike, Presso tto, Ritchie, Trickey and Winterbottom, 2002). Infernos underlying architecture, the STYX protocol is the reason behind Infernos interoperability. The protocol has been designed such that all communication is essentially handled through the file system which is very similar to UNIX OS (electronicdesign, 2000). Almost all of the INFERNOs capabilities and functionalities are based on oblivion, which is the programming language of Inferno. The primary reason for choosing Limbo to support INFERNO is because of its ability to support distributed computing. Multi-tasking is supported directly by the Limbo language. It supports multi-tasking with the help of independently scheduled threads that can be spawned, and coordinated which enable communication amidst tasks. It supports modular programming, strong type checking, interprocess communication, automatic garbage collection and simple abstract data types (Ritchie, 2005). other motivation behind Limbo is its similarity to commonly used languages such as C and pappa (Dorward et al, 1997). So, if one needs to port INFERNO from one hardware or a system to some other all one has to do is to modify a few hardware dependent functions. This is how it turns out to be an excellent operating system for all types of hardware and distributed computing. The system can be used to gird portable client and server applications

Valuation Methods of Collateralized mortgage obligations Dissertation

paygrade Methods of Collateralized mortgage obligations - Dissertation Exampleted For look Study 55 Data Analysis 57 Data Analysis Technique 57 nicety of data analysis technique 59 Description on Questionnaire Formulation 61 Findings of the Research (CMO Valuation Model) 62 Reliability on the Data 62 Chapter Summary 63 Chapter Four Methods 64 institution 64 Research Method 64 Research Design 66 Population and Sample 67 Sampling and Sampling Technique 67 Research Instrument 68 Primary Data appeal 69 Secondary Data Collection 70 Ethical Issues 71 Chapter Five Findings 72 origin 72 Overview of the Study 72 Findings 72 Research Question One 73 Degree of kin between the yield of FNMA-supported tranches and return on the US treasury bonds 73 Effect of Projected and market place Consensus on Subprime MSRs 76 Research Question Two 77 Relationship between the yields of FNMA-supported tranches and the assumption of the prepayment invigorate 77 Factors influencing the term structure o f interest rate 79 Review on Subprime Meltdown 80 Research Question Three 80 Fundamentals of CMO valuation identified through secondary data collection 81 Research Question 4 91 Quantitative representation of the MSR Price jounce 91 Component MSR Price meeting 91 Total MSR Price Impact 91 Impact on Sample Residual Interest is More Significant 92 Fixed-rate mortgage valuation methodologies 93 Benchmark method 93 Rapid approximation method 96 Rational valuation coming 97 References 98 Dedication Acknowledgments Abstract Chapter One Introduction This proposed quantitative descriptive research dissect discusses the motley valuation methodologies of prepayment speeds with Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMO) tranches and analyzing how the prevalent valuation methods atomic number 18 useful in current coordination compound economic scenarios. The objective of this study is primarily to examine the applicability of various methods of valuation for pricing the CMOs so as to dete rmine their validity in the present economic conditions. Chapter 1 provides a broad overview of the various facets with respect to the valuation of the prepayment speeds within CMO tranches. Collateralized Mortgage Obligations are derivative debt instruments that can be aptly defined as the claim that arises out of cash flows from large pools of home mortgages. The structure of CMO is such that once the top dog and interest received from the mortgage holders it is distributed to tranches. The principal amount, the coupon rate, the prepayment risk and the maturity date differ among the tranches (Economy Watch, n. d.). CMOs are derivative debt instruments providing both retail and institutional investors the possibility of higher yields with a Standard & Poors AA

Examine the nature of personal selling and the role of the sales force Essay

Examine the nature of personal selling and the role of the gross revenue force - Essay ExampleMost sales happen as a result of advertising. advert could be placed in mediums such(prenominal) as television, newspapers, billboards, internet web-pages, etc. These forms of sales employ unidirectional communication, whereby messages be communicated from manufacturer to end-consumer with no immediate feedback. Personal selling, on the other hand, differs from conventional advertising, in that salespersons of a company build and maintain a long-term relationship with their customers. They do this by directly interacting with customers via environ or web conferences or in person. Many companies include personal selling as start up of their overall sales strategy, especially if they foresee complex selling situations. In this type of selling salespeople corporation probe customers to learn more about their problems, and then adjust the marketing offer and presentation to hold out speci al leases of each customer. (Kotler & Armstrong, p.453) Even within personal selling, a wide variety of strategies are employed by managers. For example, while companies that sell only online or through catalogs do not need any salespersons, the ones such as IBM or DuPont do need a sales force. In companies such as Procter & Gamble and Nike, the sales force plays an important behind-the-scenes role.

The Concept Professionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Concept Professionalism - Essay ExampleFrom this paper it is clear thatprofessionalism is earned, rather than being called. A real Professional is a brand, which is tagged with respects that one gains. Professionalism has many benefits as it can add-on the productivity and maintain the organizational culture of an organization. A business concern with professional employees can development the product or service value with less effort .If an employee is unprofessional he can mold chaos, unproductivity and conflict in an organization. An unprofessional employee has the ability to damage the reputation of him and that of an organization.This essay declares that professionalism is an important criteria as it forms the staple fiber foundation of any organisation. Professionalism is utmost important as it builds the career of a person and the social home of a firm. The more professional are the employee more benefit it can reap the employee and the organization.Professionalism is a conceit which relate to the competency or skill expected from an employee in relation to a profession .Professionalism is the location of a worker towards his work. Professionalism means the knowledge, understanding, attitude, obligation and responsibility one has towards his work.The word profession is, today, almost alike with occupation the term professional is now applied to a wide range of such individuals as footballers and cricketers.

CASE STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CASE submit - Essay ExampleTypically, a client that is very serious about purchasing a impertinently product, a new line, or a development package is usually going to be on time to the conflict and show the salesperson as much respect as possible in hopes that they can ease down the price of the products with their charm and good will.At 1020am another non-verbal wind took place when another salesperson that was Andrews competitor walked into the office for a 1030am appointment. Not only was the purchaser for Skaggs Manufacturing tardy for their meeting, but she already had another salesperson scheduled for an immediate meeting right afterwards Andrews. Gillespie also showed many counts of blatant disrespect toward Andrews. For one, there was a 10 minute period where she was discussing a tennis match for that day with the secretary instead of concentrating on who was there for a scheduled appointment. Finally, as Andrews began to speak with Gillespie in her office she gave him no attention, no eye contact and was focused on version letters from her desk instead of what he had to say. The final sign of disrespect came when she answered the phone in the middle of their meeting and began talking with her husband for another 10 minutes until she finally saw the frustration on Andrews face. for each one of these non-verbal clues was blatant hints that Andrews was not going to be able to gain the business of Skaggs Manufacturing that morning and he had by all odds wasted his time.If I was John Andrews, I would have likely performed many of the same behaviors that he did. He kept calm during many different frustrating events where he was being blatantly ignored and disrespected by the buyer for Skaggs Manufacturing. Still, his job is to sell the product, so it is important to maintain an aura of professionalism and do his best to earn the customers business. Unfortunately, he was never able to actually give a sales angle

Superior's balance sheet Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

schoolmasters balance sheet Report - Essay ExampleThe working capitals for Superior Living for the three years are computed as followsThe above calculations clearly highlights that Superior Living has had a steady working capital which is adequately higher than the menstruum liabilities of the party. However, if the company aims at entering into newer projects and investments, the company would require to have a higher working capital.The ration of the underway assets and current liabilities is referred to current ratio. The current ratio highlights the liquidity position of the firm and this also highlights the ability of the firm to cover the current liabilities with the assistant of the current assets. The ratio between the ready cash assets and the current liabilities is referred to as the quick ratio. This is calculated as current assets inventories prepaid expenses. The liquidity ratios for Superior Living are computed as followsSuperior Livings ratio has been at a stead y around 2 for the three years. This is a strong attribute of good liquidity within the company. It is interesting to none that the inventories form a large portion of the current assets and they kittynot be readily liquefied. The ideal quick ration is 11 however the company has a much lower ratio and accounts to 0.55. This highlights the fact that the short term cash needs and solvency of the company can be hard to meet (Burks and Wilks, 2007). Hence the company needs to improve the cash assets.Superior spirits short term debts and long term debts are as in the table below. light term debts refers to the ones which are due within a year which the long term debts refers to the ones due in more than one year (Samuels et al, 2000).Superior highlights a very low gearing ratio and is as low as 2% - 3% for the three years. It is essential to note that despite the increase in the long term debt, there is no evident change in the debt equity ratio. The company is not utilizing its bor rowing abilities as an optimum gearing

Respond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Respond - bear witness ExampleThe fabricator spins the story around several occurrences at the office. These range from the worsening situation of the family caused by leaving of the clients which subsequently leads to the firing of the employees to personal issues faced by the employees such as golds unexpected pregnancy, speculation about personal life, death, illness, fear of work place violence, Bennys totem-pole dilemma, Carls depression and pharmaceutical abuse as well as the disintegration by Chris over his chair issues. The story culminates with the discovery that the cool-headed Lynn is dying of cancer.I feel that the we connotation used by the narrator is questionable to some extent. This is because even though the narrator uses the plural pronoun we to narrate the story and insinuate a sense of solidarity at the workplace, this is far from the truth as the coworkers know every little about distributively other and are unable to maintain genuine long-term relationship s at the

Challenges in Managing Talent - Part II Assignment

Challenges in Managing Talent - Part II - Assignment ExampleIt is therefore really important that even if changes give take place, stakeholders will always plan into the long term quite than looking at only immediate needs of the organization.Dear friend, indeed all atomic number 18as of your presentation are very discerning. However, one area I would like to emphasize on most has to do with the significance for changes to talent management functions within the organization. I have a very strong personal touch modality that whatever the outcome with the changes turns to be depends on what goes into the implementation of the change. It was therefore very refreshing to read that you look at this same opinion. Based on what has been studied in literature, quote (year) posited that there is nothing like an inexhaustible right or wrong change to talent management functions. This is because there are times that changes will certainly be required to fill vacant positions. With this assertion in mind, I will foot on personal experience from my workplace where changes at the finance department failed but that at the prevalent relations succeeded to state that, where there is poor planning for changes, the implications are always

Civil engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Civil applied science - Essay ExampleAll the facilities and infrastructures that we use in our everyday activities are works of civil engineers and therefore the depicted object can be regarded as one of the oldest profession (Agrawal and Dill, 76-82).The compass of civil engineering has been improving over the years. The improvement has been possible first due to the development of engineering and through building innovatively on the previous works. As the field develops, it has been focusing attention on resolving the present challenges in the lives of men. I have chosen civil engineering because it gives me a chance to union the group of innovators and developers who design and build the best and most significant features in the world. Being an engineer has ever so been my dream throughout school. I always enjoyed as buildings grew from a bare ground, and roads and highways traversed a previously wild area. This always made me feel the urge to be part of the development. I n high school, I was keen to notice excellence in physics and mathematics was the way to achieving my dream.The main aspect of the discipline that interests me most is the innovativeness that is encouraged in civil engineering. Different from architecture, in civil engineering there is much that drawing of designs. There is the actual touch of the work and appreciation of results. Civil engineers are capable of assessing the ineluctably of the population better and implement solutions through designing and building of what the population needs. Besides this, civil engineering will allow me to travel to many places and meet many different kinds of people and cultures which has always been my hobby.virtuoso of the grand challenges in engineering today is the restoration and improvement of urban infrastructure. Urban transport and different fundamental life supporting systems are facing a challenge related to the increasing urban population. Moreover, the infrastructure in many citi es is slowly aging and failing as a result. It is

Casual Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Casual Argument - Essay Examplet this point that the act of US in going to state of war and continuing the war has been act of self-defense and preventing more terrorist attacks in its homeland, hence it potful be stated that continuing the war and eventually ending it successfully is a strategic US move that is aimed in making the American life safer.To say that one will be safer is to be assured that there will be less(prenominal) peace disturbance than expected within a given time frame. Since a time frame may be divided into curtly consideration and long term, this paper asserts that in the short term, while US will have to address the short-term reactions of its enemy, especially the effects on a considerable of Muslim community who may see martyrdom in the hanging of Sadam Hussien.Dickey and Barry talked of the feeling a little safer for US, at least(prenominal) for a short time, when the world has witnessed the putting to death of Sadam Hussein of Iraq but they seem now to paint a opposite picture by their reports of not seeing many American flags in Iraq, except on soldiers uniforms callable to the U.S. commanders decision that the American insignias might offend local sensibilities of the Iraqis. They even cited a mob in the shabby Iraqi town of Fallujah displaying a new and shocking image to bear in mind the war by the slaughter of four American civilian security men, by burning them, butchering them, draw them through the streets, and then eventually hanging pieces of them from power lines and the girders of a bridge.1 In dramatizing the effects of the war, the same authors set forth the incident as simply gruesome as they convey the message of inhuman brutality of a worldwide terrorist campaign that seems to be spreading.2 Given also the reports that U.S. soldiers are being attacked, with at least one dying every day it would only mean in the short term, that a less than safer scenario for the US might be expected. It does not take too mu ch time however to permit things to normalize in Iraq. Since the US has

Hand Hygiene in Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Hand Hygiene in Surgery - Essay ExampleIt is obvious that more lavation and scrubbing damage ecology and health of the skin and harm resistance of the skin flora, rather than bring down the risk of harbouring and transmitting infectious agents. Taking into account the increase in vulnerable patient population, lather should be made to identify proper purifying products that provide adequate protection from transmission of infecting agents, at the same time that does not damage skin health. Recent studies propose manipulation of alcohol-based hand rinses as an alternative to detergent-based antiseptic products, because they have rapid and broad-spectrum activity, excellent microbicidal characteristics, and lack of potential for emergence of resistance as well as require no washing or drying. In addition, alcohol-based formulations are found to be superior to antiseptic detergents for rapid microbial killing potential and addition of appropriate moisturizers make it milder and ski n friendly. Extensive studies of use of antimicrobial soaps and skin sell products in skin hygiene and role of hand-washing in reducing evaluate of infection abound in number, whereas studies to assess benefits in reducing transmission of infection without added risk or cost of using antimicrobial soaps and to compare efficacy of aqueous alcohol based preparations over bare or antimicrobial soap and water are still in nascent stage. Since outbreaks of Surgical the great unwashed Infections are linked with transmission of micro-organisms from surgical personnel to patients, policies and guidelines for strict adherence to the principles of asepsis by each surgical workers is paramount in preventing surgical site infections. BackgroundSurgery is aimed to eliminate suffering and extend life and the principles of antisepses introduced by Joseph Lister in the late 1860s helped reduce post operative infectious morbidity. Healthcare lurch system in the United States has undergone dra matic changes recently with the opening up avenues for long-term care, home-care, and managed-care industries, leading to decline in number of acute-care facilities. Whereas, there is increase in hospital acquired infections proportionate with the increase of patients requiring intensive care in acute-care facilities, and the number of surgical procedures performed in outpatient settings or surgical centres. Because of the severely ill and immunocompromised populations in these settings, prevention of infections and other adverse events is a major component of providing quality care. (Emerging Infectious Diseases 173). Despite amend operating room ventilation, sterilization methods, barriers, surgical technique, and availability of antimicrobial prophylaxis Surgical Sight Infection (SSI) is the approximately common nosocomial infection causing morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients all over the world. Hospitals are preparation ground for pathogens and spread of anti microbial-resistant bacteria, because of inefficient hand hygiene by hospital personnel and frequency of bacterial carriage by

Analyzing Cost of Capital 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyzing Cost of Capital 2 - Assignment ExampleThe grand advantage that one gets, in debt financing, is the maintenance of complete possessorship of the business, in comparison to equity financing. It is of great importance to also note that, banks usually expect you to put up assets to back up loan, express of security. These assets could include property, your personal investments, equipment or other tangible holdings that the bank could seize if you default on the loan (Pratt, 2010).Equity financing is especially very common among small business owners, because of the concerns they have about both qualifying for a loan or having to channel too much of their profits into re manufactureing the loan. Investors and partners can stick out equity financing, and they generally expect to get profits from their investments. Moreover, if no profit materializes, you arent obligated to pay back equity contributions. The major drawback of equity financing is that, you are no longer th e full owner of a business once you have other financial contributors who expect a share. As such, you forget be relinquishing not just financial control, but will no longer be the sole arbiter of the businesss creative and strategic direction (Plath, 2006).There are two main things to consider when working out the cost of swell WACC, Weighted average cost of heavy(p) and the MCC, which is the marginal cost of capital. This basically is the comparison of how much of new capital is raised in comparison to what was injected at the start of the business. WACC on the other hand is basically the average rate of return a company expects to compensate all its different investors. The minimum return that a company must form on its existing asset base to satisfy its creditors, owners, and other capital sources.It aims at measuring the capital discount of the companys income and expenditure and it represents the

RESPOND TO CLASSMATES RESPONSES ON BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS IN JAPAN Coursework

RESPOND TO CLASSMATES RESPONSES ON melody NEGOTIATIONS IN JAPAN - Coursework ExampleYou so well outline that the Nipponese are a graduate(prenominal) power distance society where pessimism seems to have no room amidst the harmony that they so much value. Japanese mixing pedigree with social or rather personal life can greatly dissemble foreigners who might find it to be disgusting merely due little acquaintance with the Japaneses way of life. To avert complications common in cross-cultural negotiations, Americans must comprehend Japanese non-verbal cues, as this lead also ease the negotiation process. However, rather than relying on translators, it is most appropriate that one masters important aspects of the Japanese language prior to attending a meeting in Japan.Your response portrays a entire amount of interrogation. Your introduction of deductive and inductive reasoning propels the discussion and instigates further exploration of the world of conversation and psychology . The Japanese build trusts and harmonious relationships in every activity that they participate in. While asking questions roughly a culture is effective in understanding other peoples culture, it is important to befittingly contemplate the questions that can be asked to avoid offending the Japanese whose are proud of and gratified with their queer culture. Researching about Japanese culture prior to the meeting is also quite vivacious but the research should focus on points or sections that can be necessary during the business negotiation. Japanese customers want to tone treasured under every circumstance.As you rightly point out, saving face and showing attentiveness to hierarchy are important in international trading especially in Japan. Multi-cultural diversity requires that business personnel are familiar with their partners culture. Embarking on a programme of language training will not be a waste of resources since the output will eventually overshadow the input. The com pany will step to the fore to

Do You Support the Allowance of Women Into Combat Positions Essay Example for Free

Do You Support the Allowance of Women Into battle Positions EssayOutgoing Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta announced Thursday a lifting of the relegate on womanish service extremitys in conflict roles, a watershed policy change that was informed by womens valor in Iraq and Afghanistan and that removes the remaining barrier to a fully inclusive military, defense officials said.Panetta made the last upon the recommendation of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a senior defense official said Wednesday, an assertion that stunned womanly veteran activists who said they assumed that the brass was still uneasy about opening the most physically arduous positions to women. The Army and the Marines, which make up the bulk of the militarys ground combat force, get out present plans to open most jobs to women by May 15.The Army, by far the largest fighting force, currently excludes women from virtually 25 percent of active-duty roles. A senior defense official said the Pentagon expects to open many positions to women this form senior commanders will have until January 2016 to ask for exceptions.The onus is going to be on them to justify why a woman cant serve in a particular role, said the official, who intercommunicate on the condition of anonymity to discuss the plan before the official announcement.The decision comes after a decade of counterinsurgency missions in Iraq and Afghanistan, where women demonstrated heroism on battlefields with no front lines. It dovetails with other seismic policy change in the military that has been implemented relatively smoothly the repeal of the ban on openly gay service members.Lawmakers and female veterans applauded Wednesdays news, saying the ban on women in combat roles is obsolete.This is monumental, said Anu Bhagwati, a former Marine captain and executive director of the Service Womens Action Network, which has advocated for the full inclusion of women. Every time equality is recognized and meritocracy is enforced, it hel ps everyone, and it will help change the force.Critics of opening combat positions to women have argued for years that integration during deployments could create a distracting, familiarly charged standard pressure in the force and that women ar unable to perform more or less of the more physically demanding jobs.Advocates and experts say women are unlikely to flock to those positions, such as roles in light infantry and tank units and Special Forces although some may. More substantively, they say, lifting the ban will go a long way toward changing the culture of a male-dominated institution in which women have long complained about discrimination and a high incidence of sexual assault.Changes long soughtLawmakers and advocates have long pressed the Pentagon to create a more inclusive force, grant incremental changes. The American Civil Liberties Union recently sued the Pentagon over its policy, calling it discriminatory.Last year, military officials overt numerous job catego ries to women after a composition concluded that the Defense Department was ready for greater inclusion in combat units. That made it easier for women to be assigned, for example, to combat brigades as radio operators. It also gave commanders a sense of how a broader integration process could work, said an Army general who played a fundamental role in last years effort to open new positions for women.The average superior will say, Ive served with women at all levels, and based on my experience, women have done a phenomenal job, said the officer, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because the change had not been formally announced.Ads by GoogleAMU soldiers UniversityChoose from 87 online degrees at American Military University. www.AMU.APUS.edu/AirForce The debate over the supposed pitfalls of women and men share close quarters has been rendered moot by the recent wars, he said, adding If you were having this debate in peacetime, it might be more emotional.The fact that wo men have excelled in de facto front-line roles in Iraq and Afghanistan has proved such concerns unwarranted, Sen. Carl Levin (D-Mich.), the head of the Senate Armed operate Committee, said in an interview Wednesday afternoon.The reality is that so many women have been, in effect, in combat or quasi-combat, he said. This is catching up with reality.In a statement, Sen. James M. Inhofe (Okla.), the leading Republican on the Armed Services Committee, voiced a measure of concern, saying last years study raised serious practical barriers that, if ignored, could jeopardize the safety and privacy of service members.Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.), another member of the panel, said he supports the decision, but he alluded to some of the thorny implementation issues that have yet to be addressed.It is critical that we maintain the same high standards that have made the American military the most feared and prize fighting force in the world particularly the rigorous physical standards for our e lite special forces units, he said in a statement.

A critical essay based on three scenes Essay Example for Free

A critical essay based on three positions EssayConsider the importance of these mental pictures in the play as a whole. You should write intimately Dramatic military group The language of the scenes Presentation of character Changes in mood and t hotshot Key themes at bottom Romeo and Juliet ar conveyed to the audience within the prologue. These themes help the audience to understand the prototypic skirmish between Romeo and Juliet and in like manner their later meetings. inside the prologue, it is written by Shakespeare that from these two families, Romeo and Juliet are indentured to f all(prenominal) in dearest it as well conveys the hatred of both(prenominal) families From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-crossd have sexrs wages their life. The audience has al seduce been told that they are destined to fall in have it off, it is written in the stars and alike are destined to take their own lives. The first impression that helps the read er to understand Romeo is that he is in have sex with a girl called Rosaline, however Romeo has been rejected. Consequently, Romeo feels very l peerlessly and isolated, and he has also be go in depressed. This prepares the audience for his meeting with Juliet.Juliet does not come into the story until Act 1 Scene 2, where Capulet, her father, and Paris who wishes to marry Juliet are discussing her. The first impression of Juliet that the audience understands is that she is a very dutiful daughter to the Capulet family. Juliet has also become very obedient. The adults get word her in her life, all of her decisions are made for her and she is protected form the outside world. These impressions tell the reader that both Romeo and Juliet are very vulnerable. Juliet has never retired anyone whereas Romeo has been depressed from falling out of love.These all lead up to Act 1 scene 5 where Romeo and Juliet meet. Romeo and Juliet are destined to meet because the servant cannot read and as ks Romeo for help. Benvolio persuades Romeo to go so that he can see other woman, however destiny has facilitated Romeo and Juliets meeting. Act 1 scene 5 is the first scene is the first scene where Romeo and Juliet meet each other. There is a mascarade ships company within the Capulet household. This is the scene where Romeo and Juliet first kiss. Everything builds up to this scene.Firstly, the beginning of the scene shows the presentation of the characters wearing masks to cover their faces. within this scene, when Romeo and Juliet first meet, Shakespeare modifys the language, which they both speak to each other. The language used by Romeo and Juliet speak is very poetic, and also very religious, also Romeo speaks first This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this. The layout of the way Romeo and Juliet speak is very poetic, and is also in the form of a sonnet. This quote shows that Romeo is comparing Juliet to a shrine and pilgrims My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand.Thi s play has a strong religious base, as it shows signs of death and marriage. Religion also conveys purity and separate elements within life. Romeo and Juliet both speak in a manner of a sonnet. They both speak a full stanza, and then two lines each, and then a couplet, which they both share. Juliet gains confidence as the conversation goes on. As both Romeo and Juliets responses become much shorter, they also move closer to each other ready to kiss. Within the sonnet, the use of a couplet which Romeo and Juliet both share, suggests that they are meant to beJuliet Saints do not move, though lot for prayers sake. Romeo Then move not while my prayers effect I take. This couplet adds an effect that they are meant to be, love at first sight and are immediately attracted. Fate has dictated that they would die unitedly which allows umpteen moments of dramatic irony due to the audience already knowing that it is written in the prologue. The dramatic effect within this scene is the use of religion. Later on in the scene, dramatic irony is shown again as Juliet speaks to the nurse My grave is like to be my wedding bed.This is dramatic irony, as the audience already knows from discipline the prologue that this go forth come true, as it is their destiny. Act 2 scene 2 is the second meeting where Romeo and Juliet meet. This is one of the most famous scenes in Romeo and Juliet, and also the most romantic scenes in the history of drama. This is the balcony scene where the destined lovers engage in a very poetic and romantic conversation. The mood and tone of this scene is strengthened up by romantic conversation, firstly, Romeo speaking aloud. Romeo dominates this scene, as he is the one who pursues her.He begins the conversation in the opening of the scene. This whole scene is devoted to Romeo and Juliets interaction. Romeo sees fall in the window of the balcony, and uses a metaphor to equalise Juliet to the sun It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. Romeo compare s Juliet to the sun, as light is essential for everyone to survive, as Juliet is essential for Romeo to live. Light is eternal and it shows security and warmth. It is also very pure. Again, within this scene, religion is used to convey Juliets innocence As is a winged courier of heaven.Romeo compares Juliet to an angel, which shows love, purity and innocence. Within this scene, Romeo is very poetic, whereas Juliet is pragmatic If they do see thee, they will murder thee. This shows that Juliet is aware of the consequences that will befall Romeo if he is caught. Within this scene Juliet is very nervous and feels very insecure Dost thou love me? I know thou wilt say Ay. This quote shows that Juliet feels herself very insecure and questions Romeo about their love. In the scene, Romeo uses a variety of techniques to declare her love I should adventure for such merchandise.Romeo uses this to persuade Juliet and shows exaggerated fear towards her. Juliet also changes during the take to the woods of the scene. In touch, fair Montague, I am too fond. Juliet uses an epithet- fair Montague which shows that she has had a change in confidence. Juliets perception of Romeo is that he is fair and kind. Romeo gives Juliet his reassurance of their love Thexchange of thy loves faithful vow for mine. This quote shows that Romeo wants her love. In this scene dramatic irony is introduced again And the place death, considering who thou art, If any of my kinsmen find thee here.This quote shows that Juliets family will come after Romeo if they find him here, Tybalts violent threats earlier in the play increase the tension. Juliet switches the conversation to where they will following(a) meet I have no joy of this contract tonight. Once Juliet is sure Romeo is in love with her, she demand a sense of future security whereas Romeo continues to be romantic and live for the moment. Act 3 scene 5 is the third and final scene which Romeo and Juliet are presented to the audience a live. Between Act 2 scene 2 to this scene, Shakespeare has added violence to contrast with love.This is so that the audience can anticipate the tragedy as it builds up tension towards the death scene. Within this scene, the mood has changed from previous scenes where Tybalt has been killed, and Capulet insisting on Juliet marrying Paris, the tension has lifted. Juliet opens the scene, which shows that she is more than confident now. Juliet is very poetic It was the nightingale, and not the lark. Juliet is playing with Romeo, teasing him and with the use of romantic imagery she is severe to persuade Romeo to stay with her. Within this scene Romeo and Juliet speak equally, feeling both equally confident.Most of what Juliet is saw is that she wants him to stay longer, due to his banishment Therefore stay yet, thou needst not to be gone. This quote shows Juliets insecurity, she needs to feel his devotion. Romeo replies to this question I have more care to stay than will to go. This response is what Juliet wants to ensure to feel his devotion and reassurance of their love. Within this scene, due to Juliet feeling confident, she once again becomes pragmatic It is, it is, hie hence, be gone, away . There is again also dramatic irony in this scene More light and light, more dark and dark our woes This illustrates that there future is very bleak, becoming depressing as the sidereal day goes on. Juliet feels her life is Romeo Then, window, let day in, and let life out. There is another case of dramatic irony when Romeo and Juliet speak O thinkst thou we shall ever meet again? . These words are said in innocence but the audience suspect that this will be the last time they are together alive From these three scenes we can come to a conclusion that Romeo and Juliets relationship was set to end in tragedy, which was their destiny.There relationship dramatically changed over the course of five days. The three scenes in which Romeo and Juliet interact all lead up t o the tragic ending. The intensity of their love propelled them forward to a tragic end. Over the course of their love the audience can observe that Juliet is becoming more confident in her love for Romeo. Their obviously desperate need for each other blinds them from behaving rationally. Their love shows intensity which shows that they were meant to be, as together as one soul. Fate and destiny has made them fall in love and also takes their lives.

Emerging Leadership Trends And Theories Essay Example for Free

Emerging Leadership Trends And Theories EssayThe contingency theory of leadership concentrates on the talent of leadership in terms of organizing, leading and making decisions for an organization, and it is dependent on matching a leaders style to the right situation. This theory was introduced by Fielder, who analyzed various leaders in different contexts, yet mostly he studied on the military. The theory assumes that behavior and styles cannot be influenced or modified it is contradictory to situational leadership which emphasized the need for the leaders to adapt to the situation. Besides, the term situation implies to a complex cabal of leader-member relation, business structure, and position ply.1. Leader-member relation is an evaluation of leadership acceptance between the organizational hierarchies. Therefore, the relationship is soaring when the leader is respected and accepted by his or her juniors. 2. Task structure is an evaluation of the simplicity of the tas k or project and their methods used to achieve the end product. 3. Positional power is an evaluation of amount power the leader has to manipulate the productivity of the juniors. Therefore, the power is high if a great deal of power is formally attributed to the position of the leader.Transformation Leadership TheoryLeadership expert James Burns introduced the transformation leadership theory. As per Bass, transformation leadership can be identified when leaders and followers cooperate in order to advance or change to a higher level of motivation. Therefore through the military posture of their personality and vision, the leaders can inspire followers to change perceptions, expectation and motivation to work to advance a common goal. There are also four components of transformations leadership theory1. Intellectual stimulant drug arises when the leader motivates the followers to explore new ways of doing things and invent new opportunities to learn. Individual consideration thati nvolves back up and offering support to individual followers 2. Inspirational motivation arises when the leaders have a make headway perspective that they can articulate to followers. 3. Idealized influence occurs when the followers emulate and internalize the leaders ideas that they usually respect and trust as their role model.Situational Leadership TheorySituational leadership theory was developed by a professor known as Paul Hersey. The fundamental underpinning situational leadership theory is that leadership depends on each situation. Therefore, there is no single leadership style that can be considered the best. A serious leader is the one who can adapt to his or her objectives and goals in accomplishing his leadership. In fact, the capacity to assume responsibility, education, fuck and goal setting are the main factors that make a leader successful. Also, the maturity or mogul of the followers is a critical factor as well which facilitate good leadership.

Online shopping Essay Example for Free

Online shopping EssayFor this assignment I have decided to investigate online shopping and the way it has been introduced into every day living. Online shopping has of late been on the increase due to the advance in technology and the cheapness and availability of computers have sustain in the last few years. For whatever reason it is certainly a highly used process and will always increase, as the Internet is becoming a bigger part in commonplace living. The aspects of Internet shopping I am going to research are What are the best shops to acquire from and why. How easy it is to buy online.Prices of harvest-feasts compared to high street prices. * How secure it is to shop online. I will get my research from producing and handing out 30 questionnaires, reading books about the Internet and from the Internet itself. Research A questionnaire was carried out as an initial step to gather information on the habits of peoples usage to online shopping. Questionnaires were hand ed out to people that do or have at one point used the Internet to do online shopping. The information I have gathered with this questionnaire is i What age group uses online shopping the roughly iRead much Essay About Advantages of Online ShoppingWhat sort of products people buy online i Whats the most popular product people buy online i How often people buy online i How secure people stand for online shopping is Results of questionnaire On the following page I have created pie charts to show the important results from the questionnaires. The questionnaires and full results of the questionnaires toilet be found in Appendix A at the back of this report. Pie charts image004. gif Chart 1 around popular sites Chart 4 shows the sites that were used the most. As you can see from the chart Amazon was the most popular with 41%, followed by Ebay with 14%.

Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free

Christmas Carol EssayA Christmas Carol focuses on a actually(prenominal) entertain character called Ebenezer tike, who unnaturally receives a chance to make am demolitions for his actions towards his clients. Life in Britain in the 1800s was actually dark and sombernessy, also its population was increasing rapidly. At this time and age, Britains industrial revolution was in undecomposed flow, thus making Britains population explode. Charles dickens had uncountable financial problems and was in in huge dept. In amplification to this, in the fall of 1843 dickens and his wife were expecting their fifth child. Supporting his large family was difficult for daemon. Requests for money from his family and a large mortgage had left Dickens seriously short of cash. In a authority Dickens most cherished and most read books was created as a result of his experience fearsome need of money. Charles Dickens routinely walked the city streets, 10 or 20 miles at a time, observing the livelihood. The translations in his writing get a linem comparable an exact replica of what he observed and experienced during these times. Evidence of this sightn in the text.Descriptions such as a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, may show how Charles Dickens might withdraw be make believed when he had his desperate money problems. In this essay, I will be discussing the development of Ebenezer tykes character in Christmas Carol whilst qualifying through each round of golf. Stave 1 clearly introduces cranks character to the ref. At the parentage of the meanwhile, the first description we see is where it says The register of his burial was signed by the clergyman, the clerk, the undertaker and the mourner. Scrooge signed it. From this text the reader can already comprehend that scrooge is a man who only takes credit for himself and that he despises spending money on other people. Another description presented by the text tells the reader that there is something intimately Scrooges life style that makes him very unpopular with the locals. Nobody ever stopped him in the street to say, with gladsome looks My dear Scrooge how are you This makes it crystal clear that scrooge is obviously not a straightlaced person, thus making the locals shun his presence. Scrooges cold and cruel actions to people result in Marleys Ghost seem in Scrooges home.The go warns Scrooge that if he does not change his way of life, he will end up loosing everything and becoming right like Marley, who is dead and bound up in chains. In the trice section or stave 2 of the novel, even though Marleys move had gone, its presence was having an effect on Scrooge. Marleys ghost bothered him extremely Since no one has ever been close to changing Scrooges personality, this text shows a slight revisal in Scrooges character. In this stave, Scrooge is visited by another ghost who says to represent Christmas past. This ghost shows Scrooge his early life and how m uch he has changed.After Scrooge has witnessed his passed life and actions, Scrooge is move with regret. I wish Just these two words are very significant as they show a huge positive development in Scrooges character, which suggests that Scrooge is willing and hoping to change his cruel ways, and pick at descriptions of himself such as To see a heightened and excited face would have been a surprise Scrooges life is full of negative descriptions like this and he wished to make amends for his past actions. Scrooge then says something to the ghost that is very, very unusualThere was a boy singing a Christmas Carol at my brink abide night, I would like to give him something. This is probably the first time that Scrooge has ever shown either affection for anyone, which shows that the presence of the ghosts are developing Scrooges character in a divine way. In stave 3 of the novel Scrooge is visited by yet another ghost who says to represent Christmas present. This ghost shows Scroo ge how other families, such as the clerks and the Cratchits. Scrooge sees that even though the Cratchits are very poor, they can have a high quality of life and be happy at Christmas.Earlier on in the novel Scrooge says a cold blooded thing concerning one of the Cratchits son called Tiny Tim who looks very frail and scrawny and much too vulnerable to the hands of death If he be like to die he had better do it and decrease the surplus population. Scrooges cold heart was so uncaring, that he thought that the death of a person was a benefit or an advantage to people. However, when the ghost showed Scrooge this family, his reminiscence of his past sayings had a different effect on him Scrooge hung his head to hear his own words quoted by the spirit and was overcome with penitence and grief. Now that Scrooge has viewed that people can be happy without a lot of money, his former way of thinking has instantly disgusted him. Scrooge has now probably for the first time accepted that his wa y of life is detestable and needs to be changed all in all the things that ghost has shown him came upon his mind. He softened If he would have listened he might have cultivated the good-will of life. This shows a foster development of Scrooges character as his hard headedness had been softened and also, he now desires to have a personal quality of salmagundiness.In stave 4 of the novel Scrooge is visited by the last of the three ghosts who represents Christmas future. In this stave scrooge is shown a group of people who are discussing a very unpopular mans death. Scrooge is puzzled by the conversation of the group until the ghost silently exposes the secret when he shows Scrooge a gravestone with his own name on it. The description of the ghost in the beginning of the stave definitely offers a hint that Scrooges future will be cold and dark just as his past life Shrouded in a deep black garment It seemed to scatter gloom and mysteryThese phrases are fitting descriptions of a ghost that will bring news that is associated with death. The tone of this stave is also set with words such as Shadow and dark room. These words give further evidence that a death orientated future awaits Scrooge. Scrooge is horrified when he sees his own gravestone, just now to further upset him, he sees that his death is un-watched, un-wept and un-cared for. the phrase neglected grave shows that no one cared if Scrooge died because of the extent of the his cold-hearted actions towards people. This event make Scrooge release all of his emotions.I hope to live to be another man His future death makes Scrooge resolve to change his way of cold way of life into a much more kind, new man. Stave 5 shows the finale of Ebenezer Scrooges development of character. In this stave Scrooge is shown to be a completely different man. For example, instead of sacking one of his employees for being late, he raises his salary another example is that the story says that Scrooge became like a secon d sire to Tiny Tim. In this stave there is also evidence that points to the outcome of the story as the manner of the novel suddenly changes from a dark and gloomy mood to a more happy mood. speech such as Bright and Golden sunlight show that something marvellous and positive is going to pass on to Scrooge and his character. These hints are fulfilled when the text says Glowing with good intentions Obviously from this, the reader can see that Scrooge is a changed man, and is exploding with good deeds and emotions, and instead of be after to do evil he is planning to do something obliging. Language devises such as similes are also used to show Scrooges development in character As happy as an angelThis simile is used to further emphasize the alteration in Scrooges personality. Since Angels are portrayed to be perfect heavenly creatures it is obvious to the reader that Scrooge has made some miraculous changes from being a cold hearted, uncaring and evil man into a loving, kind and a ngelic new man. In my personal opinion, I believe that the presence of the ghosts were like stepping stones to the development of Scrooges character. It seemed to me that the lessons taught by the ghosts became more and more severe as Scrooges mind gradually softens.

External influences Essay Example for Free

External influences EssayThree ways in which an increase in unemployment might affect Hacker PLC are Organisation, Payments, and organisation spending.Organisation Unemployment female genitalia throw away a number of effect on the internal organisation of a billet. It may mean that the unwaveringly can no longer afford to recruit new members of staff because of low demand for its products. New, a good deal young, recruits to a firm go forth no longer be coming through. In addition, new posts which break may be filled through retraining of existing staff rather than recruitment. This can lean to significant changes in the age profile of an organisations employees.Redundancies are also a common feature of a period of high unemployment. Whilst the work of some who are made redundant will not be replaced, the responsibilities and roles of separates may be added to the job description of those who remain within the firm. This can lead to increasing demands on existing emp loyees.During periods of high unemployment, some firms reorganise their internal structure. This may mean the loss of a unscathed tier in the hierarchy or the changing of individuals job description.Payments Businesses may be faced with make redundancy payments to workers. These tend to vary between firms depending upon the average length of service of the employee.The cost of reorganisation caused by redundancies will also have to be borne by firms. Such costs may include woolly-headed productivity after a reorganisation as employees struggle to cope with new responsibilities.It may be easier for firms to recruit new employees during a period of high unemployment. This is because there is a large pool of commonwealth to choose from, with more applicants for each available post. In addition, because of the increased competition for new jobs, people may be prepared to work for less money. In this way firms can lower their labour costs.Government spending High levels of unemploy ment mean that government spending on social security will be high.Also, the government will lose revenue from tax and National insurance contributions which people would have stipendiary had they been in employment. To male up for this the government may borrow, increase taxation or reduce other items of spending.8.Structural unemployment can offer UK carees the opportunities of new methods of productions and competition from overseas. The business reachs from the changing of pattern of demands because this doer that because the business may make use of modern technology/machinery, there will be less human beings intervene required. This is a benefit has the business is reducing its labour costs and total costs. This is a benefit because although this means that redundancy will be made and high labour turn over will be made, at least the business will be able to keep the money fatigued on labour and enjoy greater profits.Secondly, the business may be gain an opportunity from this because an boost can be made to foreign producers to establish their businesses in UK. This will benefit the firm because it means the firm can negotiate with the government to receive grants and support with the establishment of the business, as the firm can provide employment to people and possibly to those people as well with skills not needed by domestic businesses.15.The likely implications for the government trying to reduce the unemployment are that in Cyclical employment the business may jut from the falling sales. In the short term, the businesses may be able to add any surplus production to stocks. Alternatively, businesses may seek new market, perhaps overseas.However, not all businesses may suffer from the changes in unemployment, whilst suppliers of luxury products could suffer substantial reduction in sales.Secondly, in structural unemployment the effects on the businesses can be severe because its often highly localised and very persistent.If there is need to a reduce output, then rationalisation and redundancy might follow and factories and offices may be closed. Research and learning plans may be abandoned or postponed as firms seek to reduce their costs to match their decreased revenues. The predicted fall in the level of demand may encourage the firms to diversify.

Cognitive Design Essay Example for Free

Cognitive Design EssayA Thousand brainy Suns by Khalid Hosseini is seen through the eyes of both young female protagonists, who have a strong and well-developed character. In the novel, the author shows their hardship, their lives in a hopeless troupe, Afghanistan, and how throughout their life they face cruelty and vulnerability.The author portrays the experiences of the two Afghan wo workforce, Mariam and Laila, who live in a orderliness where women are mistreated. Mariams character is described as a quiet and thoughtful girl who questions the society and dreams of a luxurious life. She experiences physical and mental roast from almost every person in her life and is brought up in an isolated environment by a bitter mother who puts her down. For instance, in the beginning of the novel Nana, Mariams mother, says You are a bunglesome little harami (Hosseini, 4). This very word harami helps the reader to break apart the struggles of an illegitimate child. Nana also prepare s Mariam to expect nothing from men Like a compass needle that always point north, a mans accusative finger always finds a woman. Always . Mariam (Hosseini, 7). This is also used to foreshadow Mariams husband, Rasheed, a cruel, ignominious and hot tempered man, who physically and verbally abuses Mariam after marriage.Although Laila was also brought up in the same society as Mariam, her character is stronger as compared to Mariams. She has a strong desire to use her intelligence and education to advance the society and as her father, tells her Marriage can wait, education cannot You can be anything you want Because a society has no change of success if its women are uneducated No chance (Hosseini, 114). The characters personality evolves over time, and this helps to analyze the tragic themes of the novel which are oppression, hope, and internal strength of women.The ability for any individual to imagine to pay the pain and sacrifices that Mariam and Laila endured are overwhelming . Yet the authors description of the characters makes it easy to analyze them to a great depth.

Yeasts Case Study Essay Example for Free

Yeasts Case Study EssayYeasts are eucaryotic microorganisms sort out in the kingdom Fungi, with 1,500 species currently described1 (estimated to be 1% of all fungal species).2 Yeasts are unicellular, although some species with yeast forms may become multicellular through the formation of a string of connected budding cells cognize as pseudohyphae, or false hyphae, as seen in most molds.3 Yeast size burn substitute greatly depending on the species, typically measuring 34 m in diameter, although some yeasts can reach over 40 m.4 Most yeasts reproduce asexually by mitosis, and many do so by an asymmetric division process called budding. By fermentation, the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae converts carbohydrates to snow dioxide and alcohols for thousands of years the carbon dioxide has been used in baking and the alcohol in alcoholic beverages.5It is also a centrally fundamental model organism in modern cell biology research, and is one of the most thoroughly research ed eukaryotic microorganisms. Researchers have used it to gather information about the biology of the eukaryotic cell and ultimately military personnel biology.6 Other species of yeast, such as Candida albicans, are opportunistic pathogens and can cause infections in humans. Yeasts have latterly been used to generate electricity in microbial fuel cells,7 and produce ethanol for the biofuel industry. Yeasts do non form a single taxonomic or phylogenetic grouping. The term yeast is often interpreted as a synonym for Saccharomyces cerevisiae,8 but the phylogenetic diversity of yeasts is shown by their placement in two separate phyla the Ascomycota and the Basidiomycota. The budding yeasts (true yeasts) are classified in the order Saccharomycetales.9

Debate between Locke and Bentham Essay Example for Free

Debate between Locke and Bentham EssayIn a parallel universe, Adolf Hitler was in a homage trial for the Nazi partys military personnel investigateation, sterilisation program and genocide during WWII. John Locke was the prosecuting lawyer and Hitler invited Jeremy Bentham to be his fend for lawyer. Write a report of the trial recording the debate between Locke and Bentham and the apostrophizes final judgment. Name Ma Wai Ching Student ID 10555573 Lecturer Danny Leung No. of words 516 Adolf Hitler was in a court trial for the Nazi partys human race experimentation, sterilization program and genocide during WWII. John Locke was the prosecuting lawyer who advocates liberalism while Jeremy.Bentham was the defending lawyer of Hitler who advocates utilitarianism. The Nazis partys acts argon said to be torturing and inhumane. This report records the debate between Locke and Bentham and the courts final judgment. ? John Locke argued that all pile have lifelike rights. So, it me ans that all quite a little have the right to life, right to liberty and right to property. Besides, the government role is to protect our basic natural rights and maintain social well(p)ice.1 In what Nazis political party did in their human experiment, sterilization program and genocide, they had violated the human rights which are inappropriate according to John Locke. In the first place, the human experiments violated a large number of prisoners right to life and right to liberty, who are mainly Jews. They were similarly taking away their dignity. Besides, the Nazis troupe neglected the willingness of the experimenters who were never informed consent. 2The one who were hale to participate are resulted in permanently disability or even death. For the sterilization program, the Nazi Party applied the eugenic policy to sterilize the one who is considered to be defective person such as mentally-ill, deaf, blind, etc.They applied the policy to avoid the reproduction of ones memb er. 3 Since eugenics and racial mixture were in the forefront, the Nazi Party also carried out genocide to deracinate the Jews. He did not notwithstanding kill them but putting the Jews to die in agony. 4 Locke concluded that all doings which are done by the Nazi Party are said to be invading others right. Besides, the Nazi Party abused its power and hence violated the social contract and the social justice. To rebut, Jeremy Bentham argued that what Nazi Party did is just for the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.What the Nazi Party had done in human experiment, sterilization program and genocide are just helping the society to eliminate people who will not make any good contribution. Eliminating the one who is infertile, it is also helping the government to use the resources wisely. The productive people can help the society in certain means like in economic aspect. When eliminating the unproductive one, it also means some burden of the society can be released . In fact, the human experiment enhances the discovery of new medical alternatives like transplant, vaccines injection, etc. which can also helped in the medical development.

Turning patients prevents pressure ulcers Essay Example for Free

Turning patients proceeds hale ulcers EssayI. Introduction/ trainingStatement of the ProblemAs for the instruction, the main problem to be considered is to meet the significant effects of bit in the prevention of wardrobe sores or ulcers. With the relational focus between the occurrence of the correct and the physiological processes involved, the study determines the most appropriate time allowance that the nurse should provide in complete twist administ proportionalityn to the patients.Considering different factors that influence the occurrences of sack outsores, the study takes into account the possible factors contributing to their occurrences. The study aims to determine the kinship of providing bed turn for patients in order to fell the occurrences of thrust ulcers. Within the study, the explosive charge for intervention of bed turning is to be analyzed as to how it can further lighten the see to it of the patient, especially those who atomic number 18 p r adept to the development of mechanical press ulcers (e.g. skinny individuals, immunocompromised, degraded patients, unconscious, etc.).The condition of Pressure ulcer consists of localized kerfuffle of skin integrity as well as the underlying tissue layers experience intense and ext expiry exposure to most commonly pressure, while other etiologies can also include shear, friction, or any(prenominal) combinations of these causal factors. According to Lyder CH. (2003), pressure sores or also known as decubitus ulcers tend to occur in all nationals wherein skin experiences sustained mechanical loads, but argon usually common in those patients who be immobile and bedridden or those with administered orthopedic devices.Background and Significance of ProblemThe occurrences of decubitus ulcers have become one of the most common wellness problems that occur throughout the heath care social unit, especially for clients who are immobile and currently under orthopedic therapy. Accord ing to statistics, it has been approximated that 1 million adults annually progress into acquiring pressure ulcers due to faulty treat or care instruction. The incidence rates vary greatly depending on the health care delivery system. However, statistics evidently show that the occurrence of pressure ulcers range from 0.4% to 38%, which if disjointed down and categorized to the scope of quality of treat care, it resulted from ranges 2.2% to 23.9% for health care facilities, and 0% to 17% for interior(a) health agencies (Fitzpatrick and Wallace, 2006 p.482).The most common age groups to develop this type of condition are those individuals aging from 70s and above due to the decreasing blood circulation. Significantly, insufficient and incompetent nursing care in the inpatient screen background has been linked to the increasing conditions of this disease condition. In addition, the statistical incidence rates of decubitus ulcers are most large(p) among inpatients of the hospit al population under this age criteria. In fact, epidemiologic ratings usually exceeds broad(prenominal)er for those orthopedic cases (Baumgarten M et al., 2003). From the physiological point of view, the reason for the occurrence of decubitus ulcers is the inadequate oxygenation due to progressive or reoccurring pressure.This impedes the normal case of capillary refill and blood flow, which is responsible for cellular oxygenation hence, due to impediment and impaired tissue perfusion, the end results to tissue necrosis. The development of these pressure ulcers usually occurs on the lower half body, two-thirds around the pelvis and a third on the lower limbs ( interior(a) Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, 1989). Added by Fitzpatrick and Wallace (2006), the development of pressure ulcers and high epidemiologic ratings of patients under a particular health care delivery system can negatively influence the credibility of nursing care provided by the indicated institution (p.482).Consideri ng the attempts made in order to reduce or prevent the occurrences of pressure ulcers, the results obtained have significantly provided a small decline of in the epidemiological statistics. Bed turning is one of the most commonly employ nursing purposes in order to alleviate and reduce the cases of bed sore occurrences. However, in that respect has been no clear study on how to better break this procedure in terms of frequency as influenced by etiologic factors contributing to the occurrence of pressure ulcers.To be able to do so, a thorough literature review has been conducted in order to determine the conditions for the application of patient turning. The collect literature review is an essential component of this study since outcomes of the data gathered could be utilize in order to act as basis for coming up a nursing care plan for these patients in an effort to reduce the morbidity ratings of pressure ulcers in the health care setting (Gordon MD, Gottschlich MM, Helvig EI , et al., 2004).In the study done by De Laat et al published in 2005, the authors did utilized a form of review of literatures for the purport of demonstrating the measures that other studies have utilized in order to prevent or treat pressure ulcers. From this, turning patient had become the most simple and commonly used nursing procedure for this purpose. By determining the pattern frequency time for the turning of patients in setting of factors associated to bed sore occurrences, further guidelines can be mandated in health sectors to effectively reduce the cases of lengthen immobility of patients hence, reducing as well the risk of pressure ulcer occurrences.Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to provide information for the physiological relationship between the occurrence of pressure ulcers and the time houseard required in between turning of patients. Critical analysis, comprehensive data integrations, and interpretation of research outcomes are the founding methodologies applied in the course research. The study should provide additional learning awareness for the exoteric and health care institutions especially in terms of the most appropriate time allowance to be allotted in between patient turning. Turning patients can proved to be an important nursing procedure hence, this study explores this procedure in an effort to raise the credibility of nursing care management in pressure ulcer management via patient turning.Independent and Dependent VariablesIndependent VariablesPatient ripen groupPatient Nurse ratioDependent VariablesHospital protocols and policiesAwareness of nursing facilities in the procedurePatient cooperationDefinition of TermsIndependent VariablesPatient Age groupThis pertains to the age criteria of those patients who have incurred the condition of bed ulcers. The study does not limit the age criteria although considers and categorizes the age group who had conjured the condition.Patient Nurse ratioThis variable p ertains to the number of nurses available to cater to patients and the number available in providing the nursing procedure of bed turning for patients against the number of patients requiring need for turning, specifically those are at risk at acquiring the condition and those who have the condition already.Dependent VariablesHospital protocols and policiesThis dependent variable consists of those rules and standards utilized by the nursing serve as the foreground basis in administering nursing procedures to their patient. This component can be modifiable disposed(p) that ethical concerns and rightful justifications are provided.Awareness of nursing facilities in the procedureThe variable involves the knowledge of the nursing deftness in terms of properly administering the turning of the patient, which consists of the standard time allotted per patient turning, and if there are considerations being applied depending on the etiology of pressure ulcers.Patient cooperationThis involv es the patients willingness to accede in the procedure provided by the nurse. Some patients demonstrate feeling of anxiety and reluctance, which causes resistance in move in the given procedure.Significance of Project To Patient CareThe study is significant to patient care because the concept of turning patients facilitate appropriate physiological advantage on the part of the patient. By penetrative the most recommended time allotted for every turns or repositions, the patient can lessen the risk of developing pressure ulcers, which, on the longer perspective, this can help reduce to morbidity ratings for pressure ulcers among patients.To NursingThe study is significant to nursing service since by knowing the most appropriate time necessary to stand as basis for every patient turns or repositions, the nurse may increase their competency in preventing the occurrence of bed sores for in-service patients. In addition, the decrease of pressure ulcer epidemiology in the nursing care facility can provide higher credentials in terms of perception in the nursing unit specified.To Society The study is significant to the community as it provides awareness expansion in the boy of nursing care for the sick. The concept of the study is more of a preventive task hence, those families requiring preventive means for pressure ulcers can utilize the result of the study to further develop their care standards for their own patients hence, fostering independency among family and community nursing care perspective.ReferencesBaumgarten M et al., (2003). Risk factors for pressure ulcers among elderly hip fracture patients. aggravate Repair Regen1196-103.Fitzpatrick, J. J., Wallace, M. (2006). Encyclopedia of Nursing Research. Springer Publishing Publisher.Gordon MD, Gottschlich MM, Helvig EI, et al. (2004). Review of evidence-based practice for the prevention of pressure sores in burn patients. J Burn Care Rehabil.25388-410.Lyder CH. (2003). Pressure ulcer prevention and mana gement. JAMA289223-226.National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Pressure Ulcers Incidence, Economics, Risk AssessmentConsensus Development Conference Statement. West Dundee, consumptive SN Publications 1989

Reflection of the Thought Police vs. Outer Party Game Essay Example for Free

Reflection of the public opinion guard vs. outer(prenominal) troupe Game EssayDuring the Thought practice of law vs. Outer Party game, I learned the importance of the value of independence and freedom. Previous to playing the game, I would consistently wear whatever I wanted, I would carry my books whatever behavior I wanted to, and I was each(prenominal)owed to live my accept life. But the game gave me a new perspective, not only on Winston and his hardships, but on my peers. opus engaged in the game, due to the secrecy developed within the tension of ignorance, I felt paranoid and oppressed. Because nobody knew what role everybody in the class played, there were underlying tensions that lead to dis entrust. Personally, I could not trust anybody, not nevertheless my closest friends in the class. I felt akin I was always being watched. Being worried about whether getting caught justified the uncomfortable feeling I had. Then I realized that this was Winstons life alw ays being watched while unwillingly obeying the rules of the party. The situation was bad, having my classmates betray to each one other, which taught me that there is no place safe for individualistic freedom.The first day we started the Thought Police versus Outer Party game, I was very conscious of myself and my surroundings. wholly day and every day, I would keep a mental checklist of the rules that I had to follow. Doing this taught me the theme of what I wanted to do versus what I needed to do. For example, one of my peers, who is not associated with AP Language, asked me why I was wearing a yellow leaf. I had to lie to her and say Oh Im just winning gambles, as far as style goes. I felt stupid for saying thatI rattling wanted to tell her what is going on. If I was allowed to tell her, she could have possibly helped me find out who the view police was. Speaking of having to wear my yellow-leaf necklace, the third day into the Thought Police versus Outer Party game, I ove rslept. Once I woke up, I put sweatpants on and ran out the front door to the bus. I didnt even realize how I looked that morning. When I got to school, I realized I was lacking my yellow-leaf necklace. I felt at long last hopeless. I was sad, but not to the point of crying.It wasnt like I was going to be vaporized or anything. Afterwards, I went in Big Brothers classroom and saw an unpunched yellow leaf, an electronic hole puncher, scissors, and a albumin piece of string. I had an insane adrenaline rush. I grabbed everything and went to Coach Johnsons room quickly so no one would see me. However, I had a feeling that Big Brother saw me on the way out the door. Two minutes later, I came back into the classroom feeling accomplished as if null had happened. The next day, I saw that my name was on the offenders list.Guess what wickedness I had committed? The Yellow-Ribbon crime All of a sudden, I did not feel accomplished after all. At least I know who reported me. That same day, I also forgot to wear anything orange. I can only gauge how Winston would have felt if he forgot to wear his uniform. Luckily, before I went to Big Brothers classroom, I stopped by Mrs. Hoods room. I saw Michaela Bailey, a member of the Outer Party. I felt so fearful because for all I know, he could have been a plan police (luckily, he was not).I took an enormous risk and asked Do you have anything orange I could wear? He answered Sure, you can wear this. He transfer me an object that looked like a ripped sock that soccer players wear on their shins. I responded Thank you so much . It is amazing how paranoid I was being, because on any other day, I would have been like Oh, no thanks. You keep it . This proves the importance of having to unwillingly obey the party. The next day, Big Brother posted the crimes and who had offend them. My name was on the list for offending Crime Number 5.This rule states When speaking to lunch ladies, janitors, business staff, or any non-teaching a dult, students must express gratitude for their service by greeting them with the phrase, We appreciate your work on behalf of our education. . I did not even know I broke this rule. I do not rally seeing a lunch lady, janitor, office member, or a non-teaching adult. That wasnt the only strange event that had occurred. All of the other Outer Party members names were listed as well. That made it even harder to guess who the Thought Police were. However, with this taking place, made me call in smarter.The reason for that is because I knew that either Big Brother turned us in, or a member of the thought police turned their self in. Now that I think about it, it did not really help me at all. The day that the Thought Police versus Outer Party game was coming to a close, I was absent from school. Because of this, I was not able to guess who the thought police were. The good thing about it was that when I finally found out who the Though Police were, I realized that if I were not absent , I still would not have had decreased the sizing of my reflection essay.

Role of Carotenoids on the Immune Response

portion of Carotenoids on the Immune ResponseThere is growing evidence from in vitro and in vivo laboratory brute studies that -carotene nooky protect phagocytic cells from autoxidative damage, enhance T and B lymphocyte proliferative responses, stimulate effector T cell licks and enhance macrophage, cytotoxic T cell and natural killer cell tumouricidal capacities, as good as increase the overlapion of certain interleukins. Because of their molecular composition, specifically their noblely conjugated three-fold-bond structure carotenoids such(prenominal)(prenominal) as beta-carotene and xanthophyl serve as effective scavenger of the harmful unpaired electrons (eg. singlet atomic number 8, let off radicals) produced by normal metabolic processes that damage body tissues (eg. via lipid per oxidization, Krinsky 1992).The cells of the resistant system are curiously sensitive to oxidative stress and may benefit substantially from the free radical trapping energy of carotenoi ds, as the immune response itself produces labile oxygen species that disrupt the intercellular augurs sent via lipid-rich, membrane- bound receptors (Chew 1993). An enormous body of literature has accumulated over the past 20 year demonstrating the potency of carotenoids as immuno stimulants in humans and other mammals(reviewed in Hughes 2001, Krisnsky 2001).However, within the last decade, it has also been suggested that these carotenoid derived sexual colours may signal the health and condition of males of birds and fish of the specific antioxidant and immune stimulatory activity of carotenoids obtained from the diet and transported through the body in the beginning they are incorporated into the integument (Lozano 1994, von Schantz et.al 1999 Moller et.al 2000).This issue continues to be debated on theoretical grounds (Hill 1999a Lozano2001), fueld by the idea that slanted birds and fishes obtain far more than carotenoids in the diet than carotenoid deprived mammals, thus individuals may non be limited in the extent to which they can use carotenoids to boost their immune response.Early studies demonstrating the ability of dietary carotenoids to prevent infections view as left open the possibility that the action of these carotenoids may be through their introductory conversion to vitamin A. Subsequent studies to demonstrare the specific action of dietary carotenoids have used carotenoids without provitamin A activity such as lutein, canthaxanthin, lycopene and astaxanthin. In fact, these non provitamin A carotenoids were as active, and at times more mediated and humoral immune response in animals and humans. Results have similarly shown immuno enhancement by non provitamin A carotenoids, based either on the relative activity or on the character of immune response affected compared to -caroteneStudies on the eccentric of carotenoids on immune response have generally used several key immune shape assays. These include Ig production,lymphoblastog enesis, lymphocyte cytotoxic activity, cytokine production, delayed type hypersensitivity.In the 1930s, Green and Mellanby found that infections of the ear, bladder, kidney and intestine of vitamin A-deficient rats were prevented when the rats were fed with -carotene. The level of carotene needed to prevent these infections was higher than the amount required to stimulate growth. Clauson observed that in young children with severe ear infections, improvement was seen following an increased intake of dietary carotene. These dickens early reports suggest that the anti-infective effect of -carotene may be due to its pro-vitamin A activity. -carotene may also have an independent effects on immune responses, separate from its provitamin A activity. -carotene and other carotenoids with nine or more conjugated double bonds may enhance immune function by quenching singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species, including free radicals.-carotene and canthaxanthin together inhibited the loss of macrophage receptors following exposure to reactive oxygen intermediate (Gruner et. al., 1986). T helper cells are involved in helping B cells let go specific antibodies in response to an antigenic challenge.Experiments were performed , in which laboratory animals were either fed -carotene or canthaxanthin to typeset a carotenoid effect, separate from a provitamin A effect on T and B lymphocyte functions. Canthaxanthin has the said(prenominal) ability to quench singlet oxygen and free radicals as -carotene but cannot be born-again to vitamin A in mammals. Specific immune responses of laboratory animals were similarly enhanced with diets containing canthaxanthin as with diets containing -carotene (Benedict and Shapiro 1986).Some new investigations charge that carotenoid can play a very classic role in enhancing immune responses, which can breath to the reduction of tumor growth.The immune system has three cell types capable of killing tumor cells. In a preliminary repo rt, it was shown that human natural killer cells killed noteworthyly more tumor cells when incubated with -carotene than human cells not exposed to -carotene. -carotene also enhanced tumor killing (Leslie and Dubey, 1982).Carotenoids, besides acting through the various mechanisms set forth earlier, can also influence immune function through their ability to regulate membrane fluidity, and first step junctional communication. All these actions are most likely interrelated in their modulation of an immune response. Carotenoids help to mention the membrane receptors that are essential for immune function, and they may also be found to be important in the release of immune modulatory lipid molecules such as leukotrienes. Carotenoids may increase the tumoricidal activity of the cytotoxic T cells, macrophages and or natural killer cells by any of these mechanism of action.Carotenoid enhances umpteen aspects of immune function which include T and B lymphocyte proliferation, induction of specific effector cells capable of killing tumor cells, and the secretion of factors required for the communication between immunologically competent cells.The action of carotenoids on immune response hangs in a delicate balance with the intra-and extra cellular milieu, the outcome of which depends not only on the type and concentration of the carotenoid but also on the cell type and animal species involved. Even though studies to exit have provided evidence for a specific action of carotenoids much has yet to be d cardinal to authentically understand their molecular action.CAROTENOID AS PRO-VITAMIN A SOURCEBiosynthesis or conversion of carotendoids into vitamin A passage of carotenoids into vitamin A becomes complicated in fishes and aquatic animals, due to the presence of vitamin A2, which frequently predominated over vitamin A in animals living or spawning in freshwater.The presence of an unsubstituted -ionvirtuoso ring in the caroteniod molecule supports for vitamin A activ ity.Both vitamin A1, and A2 can be formed in some fishes from common precurors, such as -carotene (Morton and Creed, 1939).Carotenoids containing at least one unsubstituted 3, 4 dehydro -ionone ring have been shown to act as specific provitamins A2 in chicks (Budowski, et.al 1963) and mice (Budowski and Gross, 1965).According to (Budoswki, et. al 1963) the dehydration of lutein to anhydrolutein (3,4- dehydro-3-hydroxy -carotene), a provitamin A2 might be of possible biological significance in this respect.There are twain pathways for the conversion of carotenoids to vitamin A in mammals, central partitioning and eccentric sectionalization. In 1960, Glover thoughtfully discussed various pathways by which carotenoids might be born-again into vitamin A. He indicated that ii primary oxidative reaction might occur, one at the central 15, 15 double bond and the other at one or more of the other double bonds. The product of the central cleavage of -carotene would be two molecules of retinene, where as that of eccentric cleavage would be one long and one short -apo-carotenal e.g. cyclocitral and -apo-8-carotenal, by the rupture of the 78 double bond.The enzyme, -carotenoid-15, 15-dioxygenase which converts -carotene into two molecules of retinal requires molecular oxygen and is inhibited by sulfhydryl-binding and iron binding reagents. well-nigh pro vitamin A carotenoids,including the apo-carotenals,are cleaved to retinal by this enzyme. Thus, carotenoid dioxygenase with eccentric bond specificity has been indentified in mammals, the yield of apo-carotenals from -carotene in vivo and in vitro is very low, and -apo-carotenals are formed nonbiologically from -carotene.Cyclic carotenes may be oxidized to hydroxylated and epoxide derivatives, converted to allenic and less concentrated derivatives, or cleaved oxidatively to shorter products.Central CleavageIn 1965, the cytosolic enzyme preparations of the intestine and liver converted -carotene to retinal were sh own by two independent groups (Goodwin, et.al and Olson et. al 1965 ). The enzyme required molecular oxygen, yielded retinal as the sole identified product, was inhibited by ferrous-ion chelating agents and by sulfhydryl binding reagents (Olson, 1983).The main yield of retinal formed from the -carotene was 40-60%( Goodman and Huang, 1965) and (Olson, 1969). Since -carotene is unstable during isolation by tender loving care some losses occurred as a result of both biological as well as non biological oxidation during incubation, retinal was the major, if not the sole, biological product of the reaction. The retinal formed was satisfactorily characterized by several chemical and physio-chemical procedures. The enzyme, termed -carotenoid 15, 15- dioxygenase was subsequently purified 20 to 70 fold from the intestines of several species and upon purification it became unstable.-carotenoid- 15,15-dioxygenase cleaves many carotenoids, including several -apo-carotenals.There may be some qua ntative differences but the relative rates of cleavage are similar(Singh and Cama 1974). In general, relative to the aldehyde form, the -apo-carotenals are better substrates and the -apo-carotenic acids are poorer substrates for the enzyme. Retinal has clearly been identified as one product of the reaction.Eccentric Cleavage.-apo-carotenals are intermediate between carotenoids and vitamin A. In conversion of -carotene to vitamin A, an important observation was made in a recent study that individual -apo-carotenals are formed in small but epoch-making amounts by incubating -carotene aerobically in the dark with shaking for an hour in the absence of an enzyme preparation. When compared, the reported rate of enzyme-catalyzed retinal formation is much higher.Despite these low yields, -apo-carotenals might still be formed biologically from B-carotene in mammals. precisely in future studies, the non-biological formation of oxidation products of carotenoids must be carefully assessed and the rate of the eccentric cleavage reaction, both in vivo and in vitro, must be related to the rate of formation of retinal by central cleavage.The metabolism of the -apo-carotenals has been addressed mainly in terms of their conversion to vitamin A and their oxidation to -apo-carotenoic acids. As analogous of retinal, however, they are expected to be metabolized in a similar way. Thus a significant part of them may well be reduced to -apo-carotenols (Glover, 1960) and (Sharma et .al 1977) and subsequently esterified to -apo carotenyl esters. Such compounds like retinyl ester and esterified lipids, should be transported primarily in the Chylomicra.Fish are much more versatile than mammals in meeting their needs for vitamin A (Olson, 1983). Fish are able to convert astaxanthin (3,3-dihydroxy, 4,4-diketo--carotene), canthaxanthin (4,4 diketo--Carotene) and isozeaxanthin (4,4-dihydroxy -carotene) to carotene. They can also convert anhydrolutein derived from lutein, to dehydroretinol (Goswami 1987).The oxidative metabolites of carotenoids bring in as essential molecules in a wide variety of living organisms. Carotenoids are converted to biologically active products such as abscisic acid, trisporic acid and retinoic acid in plants, fungi and animals respectively. Their formation is mediated by enzymes that catalyze cleavage reactions against specific double bonds of cartenoids. Moreover, carotenoids vulnerable to oxidation have the potential to be converted to biologically active compounds by chemical transformation. In mammals, -carotene 15,15-dioxygenase catalyzes conversion of -carotene to retinal (Olson and Hayaishi, 1965) and (Goodman and Huang 1965). Although the cleavage enzyme plays a pivotal role in vitamin A formation, its properties have not yet been fully revealed. The regulatory mechanism of the dioxygenase in particular remains to be clarified in terms of the nutrition of pro-vitamin A carotenoids. Dietary -carotene solubilized in mixed micelles with bile components and hydrolyzates of dietary lipids is absorbed in intestinal cells. Retinal formed from -carotene is further converted to retinyl ester by retinal reductase and lecithin retinol acyltransferase with the aid of cellular retinol binding protien type-II (CRBP-II), and then incorporated into chylomicron (Ong,1993). Thus, the cleavage of -carotene in intestinal cells is closely linked to lipid and retinoid metabolism, and the regulation of the cleavage enzyme activity should be considered in this context. Moreover, the cleavage enzyme is located in the intestinal cells, which are directly exposed to various food components. pull through of dietary phytochemicals on the dioxygenase activity might affect the bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoid derived from fruits and vegetables.Carotenoids can be oxidized to a number of compounds by chemical transformation, in contrast to the specific cleavage of certain carotenoids by the enzyme, because of the high reactivity of conjugated double bonds to active oxygen species. The enzymatic conversion of -carotene to vitamin A, the non-enzymatic cleavage of lycopene, and the biological actions of the oxidation products of lycopene are described in Akihiko Nagaos paper.

Frederick Law Olmsted American Landscape Architect History Essay

Frederick Law Olmsted Ameri sess Landscape Architect History canvassHe is considered the father of American Landscape Architecture. He is to this day the most prolific park interior fancyer in history, his park having a certain gravity ab bring out them that distillery draw thousands of race to them. He is the creator of historic all in ally significant embellish paintings that have changed the American grace forever, such as primeval third estate in crude York City, the rudes oldest system of public parks and the oldest state park. His institute is Frederick Law Olmsted. Frederick Law Olmstead class out on a steadfast journey early with one mission in mind. He aimed to change the face of the country and sustain a man of influence within society and American culture. Olmsteads c areer as Americas archetypal landscape architect did non start as you may mobilize up to now. He dabbled as a farmer, his first hobby, followed by a career in construct and journalism which in the end allowed him to do insight into the mainstream of contemporary American life. His many misfires in his erratic beginnings and unblemished American background prepared him well to achieve his lofty goals and go on to become the most influential landscape architect of his time.Frederick Law Olmsted was born on April 26th 1822 in the city of Hartford, a city in which his family had resided for over seven generations. His recollections of his kidskinhood schooling were not ones he was particularly companionable of. Instead, Olmstead chose to cerebrate best what he did during school not what he had studied. Even as a child Olmsted had shown a propensity to being outdoors, keeping himself busy by exploring and learning closely nature. He did however have broadcasts to study at Yale, but these plans were derailed by deteriorated eyesight. Instead, Olmsted decided to study engineering and farming. (Congress) He stayed at home choosing to read books that kept him up to date with the orthogonal world. These books included Websters first Dictionary and the thirteenth-volume of encyclopaedia Americana. (Roper) Olmstead eventually put his studies and practices to mildew on a small farm that he owned in Staten Island, New York. These experiences served as a bully jumping off points for Olmsteads careers in both journalism and landscape architecture.Olmsteds farm gave him time to cultivate his skills as a farmer in turn lead him to gain in expensive information about agriculture and horticulture, both necessary sciences for a successful career in landscape architecture. The New York Tribune described Olmsteds farm in an advertisement use ups 125 acres, about 100 of which are high in state of cultivation, and the rest woodland the farm is well fenced, there are a large number of fruit trees on the premises, and two excellent gardens, with profusely bearing grape vines. (Roper) Olmsted named the farm, which he had acquired with the uphold and guidance of his father, Tosomock Farm. At Tosomock, Frederick Law Olmsted famously added a one and half story extension to the Dutch farmhouse which had been rumored to be over a century old and many other minor improvements to the fit barns. Olmsted commented that the landscape surrounding the house was very unsightly and bald and one of his first projects for the site was to salary increase the landscaping. The farm as a whole was use by Olmsted for many purposes including a tree greenhouse and pasture for livestock. Olmsted planted a diverse amount of plants and trees including large Cedar of Lebanon conifers and Osage Orange trees that were rare at the time. His experiments here on the farm led to a thirst for more horticultural knowledge, one that would help his career as a landscape architect boom.Soon into Frederick Law Olmsteds venture of Tosomock Farm, Olmsteds brother whoremaster and family friend Charley Brace asked Olmsted to join them on a walking tour of England. At first Olmsted was averse(p) but eventually obliged to go in April of 1950 after realizing the trip would be one he could relish forever. In England he visited many parks and furthered his familiarity with the park advocacy of Andrew Jackson Downing. He remarked that he was very impressed by his visit to Birkenhead Park, intentional just a few years primitively by Joseph Paxton near Liverpool. Birkenhead Park was designed and billed as the first park of its kind to be built for the enjoyment of the average citizen. Olmsted remarked in a book written ulterior art had been assiduous to obtain from nature so much beautylarge valleys were do verdant, extensive drives arrangedplantations, clumps, and avenues of trees formed, a large park dictated out. And all magnificent pleasure ground is entirely, unreservedly, and forever, the peoples own. The poorest British peasant is as free to enjoy it as the British Queen. (Alexopoulos) The elements that appealed to Olmsted most in the incline p arks and gardens he visited were the use of bodies of water for artistic affair and beauty. He also enjoyed the extensive, sweeping lawns that were defined by groves of trees. Here in these groves, Olmsted picked up one of his touch features in his parks, the use of a specimen tree. A specimen tree is a tree that is singled out for its nobler qualities that the designer specifically wants to be noticed. Olmsted also noticed the illusions of great distances created through the use of long vistas, middle-distance plantings. (Alexopoulos) another(prenominal) practice that Olmsted took notice to were the undulations in ground plane helping to form aesthetic interest as well as winding, bordering paths and drives, which gave the impression of great range. Olmsted went on to use all of these practices in his designs which are still widely used today, however he adapted the English versions to fit into the American landscape. After locomote from England Olmsted published Walks and Talk s of an American Farmer in England in 1852, catching the eye of the founding editor program of the New York Times, Henry J. Raymond who offered Olmsted the opportunity to write a report sparking a new career in journalism for Olmsted.Raymond had commissioned Olmsted to travel to the deep south of the United States in search of stories to write for the New York Times. On December 11th 1852, Olmsted set forth on his classic tour of observation as Olmsted called it. He started in Washington D.C. traveling to Richmond and Petersburg Virginia before turning east for the coast towards Norfolk and thusly south to Raleigh. He then took a detour to Charleston and from there went south to Savannah tabun and eventually travelled west into Montgomery, Alabama and New Orleans, Louisiana. The first leg of this initial trip would become the basis for Olmsteds first piece, A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States. (White and Kramer) Olmsted has been credited with making it winning with witty desc riptions of his conversations and experiences in a society which was on the verge of overwhelming change. Olmsteds experiences served as a valuable asset in his quest to change the face of the country, except as Olmsted remarked the face of the country was about to change forever. (Roper) His travels through many different terrains and landscapes enabled him to gain a wide scope of the landscape outside the world he had known in the northeast. He learned about the different types of people that we residing in the mountains of Alabama, Tennessee and North Carolina and that the life style of the societies was different for each area of the United States. Olmsted used this knowledge not only to write as a journalist but he also used it later in his designs. He understood early as a designer that designing the landscape to render to the society and people that inhabited it was very important to the success and popularity of the site. Olmsted had always said that he had used his career as a journalist to gain insight into people all over the country. scarce that was not the only reason he did so. He also claimed that his career in journalism introduced him to people that had a tremendous amount of power. In the arguably the greatest city in the world, New York, Olmsted had made connections with some of the most influential people in the country. Olmsted was making the correct decisions with impeccable timing eventually helping to springboard him into his remarkable career as a landscape architect.Andrew Jackson Downing was among the first to realize the need for New Yorks fundamental Park. The influential landscape designer had the connections to make it happen. Enter Calvert Vaux, an English born architect who Downing had brought over from England. Downing, who was one of Olmsteds greatest mentors and friends, introduced the dynamic duo. Olmsted was soon named the Superintendent of Central Park and this would prove vital to Olmsted and Vaux successful design. S ince Olmstead had not do and previous landscape design work, he was a relative unknown in the design competition. Vaux had specifically asked Olmsted to become his partner in the design because he felt he could provide accurate observation in regard to the actual topography which was not clearly defined on the survey furnished for the competitors by the board. (Roper) However Vaux would soon learn that he has stumbled upon a goldmine and that Olmsted could do much more than provide information about the grounds.At first, Olmsted had hesitated to ingest Vaux invitation. However he did accept and was at work on the plan by the middle of January 1858. By this time he had also improved his standing with two of the board members for the park and had even gotten a raise. The rules of the competition were simple. Each team was to complete the design fulfilling the requirements that the board had set out for them. The features that the park was to contain included entry locations, three p laygrounds of ten acres each, a site for a concert hall, a site for an ornamental fountain, a design for two or three acre flower garden and a place that could be flooded in the winter for ice skating. (Roper) They worked tirelessly every night, because they had professional commitments during the day, until their initiation of the Greensward plan on the final day of submission April 1st 1858. Olmstead and Vaux were announced as the winners on April 28th to the approval of the judges and public. The Times approved of the winning design writing There can be little doubt that in its essential features the plan Messrs. Olmsted and Vaux embraces all the leading requisites of a great park adapted not only to the nature of the particular grounds in question, but to the future wants of our city also. (Roper) The descriptive report that was submitted with the plan explained that Olmsted and Vaux had intended to create contrasting and varying passages of scenery, suggesting to the mind an d vision that there was great range of rural conditions. (Roper) Its one great purpose, Olmsted wrote, is to supply to the hundreds of thousands of tired workers, who have no opportunity to spend their summers in the country, in a specimen of Gods handiwork. (Cox)Olmsted and Vaux were appointed to carry out the plan of May 17th 1858 and Olmsted was entrusted with supervision of everything except for the duties of the designers which he consulted with Vaux. Olmsted was to employing and directing labor crews to build the park. He went on to hire over 2,500 men and by October he had accomplished more work than he had plan for. The plan that was to make Olmsted a figure of legend was completed in the summer of 1859. Olmsted had finally done it. He had married his two greatest hobbies and used every skill acquired along his journey to create arguably the worlds greatest park. Olmsted used his farming and horticulture background with his experiences as a journalist to create a park that was aesthetically pleasing to the horticultural knowledgeable as well as pleasing to all who visited it for its rural expanses.As a journalist he explored the agitating questions of the day with the candor and intelligence and in the space of a decade produced a body of work that was a revelation to the pre-civil war generation. chase his prolific career as a journalist was Olmsteds work on Central Park. On the Central Park project Olmsted turned his mind to the problems, already acute, of big-city living. His connections with the United States Sanitary Commission during the war then carried him into the area of the social sciences, the concerns of which dovetailed nicely with those of the work that was his passion for as long as he could remember at last his profession, landscape architecture. Furthermore his travels and ventures, any of which could have been a satisfactory life of work for the average citizen, was the preparation that this searching spirit needed. (Roper)Olmsted enjoyed a prolific 40 year career as a landscape architect. During his time he was regarded as a pioneer, however after his death his name had been forget for almost a half century and many of his designs were left to ruins or turned into fail re-designs. He is credited with being the inventor of the rural park movement in the United States, a successful drive towards setting aside unusual scenic beauty for public enjoyment. With Vaux he designed parks, parkways and developments, the grounds outside public buildings, institutions and private estates all over the country. Under the impact of Olmsteds thought and practice, landscape design shifted its sights from decorative to social aims. Land was beginning to be arranged not only for aesthetic beauty but also for the functionality of it. The landscape began to serve the health, comfort, convenience and good cheer of everyone who used it. In an age where urbanization was taking over America, Olmsteds movement towards humanizing the physical environment of cities and to secure precious regions of landscape for functional use and enjoyment of everyone was somewhat of a heroic undertaking. (Roper) Olmsteds lifelong concern was for the character of his country and his countrymen, he preserved as much of that character as he could by his public parks which preserved the integrity of Americas past in both landscape and society. Garden and Forest wrote of Olmsted at the stature of his contemporary fame, millions of people now unborn will find rest and refreshment in the musing of smiling landscapes which he has made, and will enjoy the shade of trees which he has planted. No American has been more expedient in his time or has made a more valuable and lasting contribution to subtlety in this country. (Roper)